.-A M Class Book. G)V A% Copyright!^?. »°llo COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. RICHARD K. FOX PROPRIETOR OF THE POLICE GAZETTE PUBLISHING HOUSE So SCIENTIFIC BASEBALL By JOHN J. McGRAW h Manager-Captain of the New York Club National League ALSO THE Official Rules for 1910 AND SCHEDULE OF GAMES TO BE PLAYED FULLY ILLUSTRATED RICHARD K. FOX, Publisher FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY M*' \ Copyright 1910 Richard K. Fox ©0LA259128 CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction 9 Schedules for National, American and Eastern League Games for 1910 11 How to Pitch the Spit Ball 19 Hints on Pitching 25 The Man Behind the Bat 33 Playing First Base , 43 On Second Base 49 The Third Baseman 55 Shortstop 61 At the Bat 65 The Outfielders. 73 Concerning Base Running 77 Sliding to Base 81 On Bunting 83 Rules 85 National League Records, 1909 120 National League Batting Averages, 1909 121 National League Pitching Averages, 1909 123 American League Records, 1909 125 American League Batting averages, 1909 126 American League Pitching Averages, 1909 128 World's Championship Series, 1909 130 Eastern League Batting Averages, 1909 131 Eastern League Pitching Averages, 1909 132 New York State League Batting Averages, 1909... 133 New York State League Pitching Averages, 1909 134 American Association Batting Averages, 1909 135 American Association Pitching Averages, 1909 136 New England League Batting Averages, 1909 137 New England League Pitching Averages, 1909 138 Western League Batting Averages, 1909 139 Western League Pitching Averages, 1909 140 Southern League Batting Averages, 1909 141 Southern League Pitching Averages, 1909 142 THOMAS LYNCH, PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Richard K. Fox 2 Thomas J. Lynch, President of the National League .. 6 John A. Heydler 8 John T. Brush , 10 John J. McGraw 20 How to Pitch— The Spit Ball „. 22 —The Slow Straight Ball 24 —The In-curve.... ■. 26 —The Out-curve 28 —The Drop-curve 30 Roger Bresnahan , ... 32 Catcher Gibson, Pittsburg Nationals 34 Clark Griffith, Cincinnati Club 36 Hal Chase, New York Americans 38 Eddie Lennox, Brooklyn Nationals ... 40 Pitcher Covaleski, Philadelphia Nationals 42 John Hummell, Brooklyn Nationals 44 Al Bridwell, New York Nationals 46 ITughey Jennings, Detroit Americans 48 Ty Cobb, Detroit Americans 50 First Baseman Konetchy 52 Fred Clark, Pittsburg Nationals 54 Pitcher Dick Morris 56 A Hustling Pittsburg Bali Team 58 Ferdon Club, Oakland, Cal 60 Colored Ball Team, Troop M, Fort Riley, Kan 62 Ball Team of the Battleship Nebraska 64 Baseball Club, Fort Des Moines, Iowa 66 Champion Team, Fort Caswell, N. C 68 Napoleon Lajoie 70 Bill Donovan, Detroit Americans.. Ill Willie Keeler 115 Mordecai Brown, Chicago Nationuls 117 JOHN A. HEYDLER. INTRODUCTION, THE past year has been a most remarkable one for baseball in more ways than one. It has proven its popularity with the public, and the attendance at the games has been so unusual as to attract more than passing- attention. It is the coming sport of the world, and will soon be played by the lovers of outdoor sports of every nation in the world. Already the Japanese are making great strides in the progress of the game, and the little schoolboys of the Flowery Kingdom are developing into clever players. But the American boy has the lead and will probably keep it for many years to come. You can't learn it all out of a book, but you can learn a lot, and so the young fellow who is willing to admit that he doesn't know it all — and those are the kind who usually come out ahead — will find in a book like this a lot of valuable and useful information that will be of great help to him. For these especially this book is written, and I have done the best in my power to keep it up to date in every detail. John J. McGraw. JOHN T. BRUSH. SCHEDULES OF THE National, American and Eastern Leagues For 1 910 AND THE OFFICIAL RULES for Professional Baseball Adopted by the Joint Playing Rules Committee of the National and the American Leagues at New York., February 16,1910 BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 National League. American League. 1 Boston at home vs. Chicago at home vs. Brooklyn. April 27, 28, 29. 30. June 25, 27, 29. Sept. 1, 2, 3. St, Louis. April 14, 15, 16, 17. July 1, 2, 3, 4, 4. Sept. 12, 13. New York. April 14, 15, 16. July 5, 6, 7, 7, Sept. 30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. Detroit. April 30. May 1, 2. 3. July 29. 30, 3f. Sept. 11. Oct. 6, 8, 9. Philadelphia. May 2, 3,4. June 30. July 1,2.4,4 Oct. 6, 7, 8. Cleveland. April 18, 19, 20. May 8, 29. June 25, 26. Sept. 5, 5. Oct. 1. 2. Pittsburg. June 6, 7, 8,9. Aug. 6,8,9,10. Sept 17, 19, 20. Washington. June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, 8. Sept. 26, 27, 28. Cincinnati. June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 3, 4, 5. Sept. 22, 23, 24. Athletics. June 15, 16, 18, 19. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept. 23, 24. 25. Chicago. June 1,2, 3. 4. Aug. 11,12,13. Sept 26, 27. 28, 29. New York. June 2, 3, 4, 5. Aug, 13, 14. 15, 16. Sept. 19, 20, 21. St. Louis. June 15, 16. 17. 17, 18. Aug. 15. 16, 17, Sept. 14, 15, 16. Boston. June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 9. 10, 11, 12. Sept. 15, 17, 18. Brooklyn at home vs. St. Liouis at home vs. Boston. May 5, 6, 7. May 28, 30. 30, 31. July 26,28. Oct. 10, 12. Chicago. April 21, 22, 23. 24. Sept. 6. 7, 8, 9, 10 Sept. 29,30. New York. May 2, 3, 4, 27. June 20, 21, 22, 23. Sept. 5, 5. Oct. 3. Detroit. April 25, 26, 27, 28. May 29, 30, 31. June 26. Oct. 1, 2. Philadelphia. April 18, 19. 20. 21. July 30, Aug. 1 Sept. 10, 30. Oct. 1, 13. 15. Cleveland. April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 4. July 31. Sept. 4, 11. Oct. 6, 8, 9. Pittsburg. June 1,2, 3, 4. Aug. 11. 12, 13. Sept 26, 27, 28, 29. Washington. June 15, 16, 18, 19. Aug 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept. 23, 24, 25. Cincinnati. June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 6, 8, 9, 10. Sept. 14, 15, 16o Athletics. June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, Sept. 26, 27, 28. Chicago. June 15, 16. 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17. Sept. 17, 19, 20, 21. New York. June 6, 7. 8, 9. Aug. 9, 10, 11. 12. Sept. 15, 17, 18. St. Louis. June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 3, 4, Sept. 22, 23, 24. Boston. June 2, 3, 4. 5. Aug, 13, 14, 15, 16. Sept. 19, 20, 21. BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 American League. New York at home vs. Boston. April 18, 19, 20, 21. July 30. Aug. Sept. 7, 8, 10. Oct. 13, 15. Detroit at home vs. Chicago. May 5, 6, 7. May 28. June 28, 29, 30. July 28, Sept. 2, 3, 4. Brooklvn. April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 30. 1, 2, 4, 4. Oct. 6, 7. July St. Louis. April 18, 19, 20. May 8. June 21 22, 23, 25. July 6. Sept. 5, 5. Philadelphia. May 5, 6, 7. June 25, 27, ! July 27, 28. Oct. 10, 12. Pittsburg. June 15, 16, 17, 18. An- 15, Sept. 14, 15. 16, 21. Cincinnati. June 1, 2, 3, 4. Aug. 11, Sept. 26, 27, 28, 29. Chicago. June 10, 11, 13. 14. Aug, 2, 3. 4, 5, Sept. 22, 23, 24. St. Louis. June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. ( Sept. 17, 19, 20. J, 10, Philadelphia at home vs. Boston. April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 23, 24. Sept. 5, 5. 21, 22: Brooklyn. April 14, 15. 16. July 5, Sept. 6, 7, 8, 9. 7, 7 New York-. April 27, 28, 29, 30. Mav 28. 31. Sept. 1, 2, 3. Pittsburg. June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, Sept. 22. 23, 24. 4, 5 Cincinnati. June 15, 16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17 Sept. 17, 19, 20, 21. Chicago. June 6, 7. 8, 9. Aug. Sept. 14, 15, 1 8. 9, 10. St. Louis. June 1,2,3,4. Aug. 11,12, 13. 26, 27, 28, 29. Cleveland. April 14, 15,16,17. April 24. July: Sept. 12, 13, 14. Oct. 4, 5. Washington. June 6, 7, 8, 9. July 13, 14, 15, 16, Aug. 13, 14. Sept. 19. Athletics. June 1, 2. 4, 5. Aug. 9, 10, 11, 12, Sept. 15, 17, 18. New York. June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, Sept. 26, 27, 28. Boston. June 15, 16, 18. 19. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept: 23, 24, 25. Cleveland at home vs. Chicago. April 25. 26. 27, 28. Mav 30. 30, 31. June 21, 22. 23. July 6. St. Louis. May 5, 6. 7. May 28. June ! 30. July 28, 30. Sept. 2, « IDetroit. April 21, 22, 23. July 1, 2, 4,?4. Sept. 7, 8, 9, 10. Washington. June 1, 2, 3, 4. Aus, 9, 10, 11, 12. Sept. 15, 16, 17. Athletics. June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 13, 15, 16, 17. Sept. 19. 20, 21. New York. June 15, 16, 17, 18. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept. 22, 23, 24. Boston. June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 5, 26, 27, 28, 29. Sept. BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910" National League. American League. Pittsburg at home vs. Washington at honie vs. Boston. May 17, 18, 19, 20. May 26, 27, Julv lh, 19, 20. Aug. 19, 20. Chicago. May 10, 11, 12. 13. July 22, 23, 25, '. Aug. 22, 23, 24. Brooklyn. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 13, 14, 15, 16, Aug. 25,26,27. St. Louis. May 19, 20. 21, 23. July 8, 9, 11, 12. Aug. 29, 30, 31. New York. May 21, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 15, 16. Aug. 29, 30, 31. Detroit. May 24, 25, 26, 27. Ans. 15, 16. 17. Aug. 25, 25, 26, 27. Philadelphia. May 13, 14, 16. July 2, 11, 12 July 25, 26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. Cleveland. May 14, 16. 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, 21. Aug. 18, 19, 20. Cincinnati. April 28, 29. May 30, 30, 31. June 30. July 2. July 28, 30. Oct. 13, 15. Athletics. April 14. 15. 16. July 5. 6, 7. Sept. 1, 2, 3. Oct. 8, 8. Chicago. April 30. May 3, 4, 5. June 24, 25, July 4, 4, 5, 6. Oct. 8. New York. April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 25, 27, 28, 29. Sept. 7, 8, 9, St. Louis. April 21, 22, 23. June 27, 28. Sept 5, 5, 6, 7. Sept. 30. Oct. 1. Boston. April 27, 28, 29, 30. July 1, 2, 4, 4. Oct. 5, 6, 7. Cincinnati at home vs. Philadelphia at home vs. Boston. May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14 15, 16. Aug. 29, 30. Chicago. May 14, 16, 17, 18. J uly 18, 19, 20, 21. Aug. 18, 19, 20. Brooklyn. May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 9, 10, 11, 12 Aug. 22, 23, 24. St. Louis. May 24, 25, 26, 27. July 13, 14, 15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27. New York. May 17, 18, 19, 20. July 17, 18, 19, 20. Aug. 19, 20, 21. Detroit. May 19, 20, 21, 23. July 8, 9, 11, 12. Aug. 29, 30, 31. Philadelphia. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 21, 22, 23, 24 Aug. 25, 27, 28. Pittsburg. April 18, 19, 20. June 26. July 3 31. Sept. 1, 3, 4. Oct. 9, 12. Chicago. April 14, 15, 16, 17 June 19. Sept. 5, 5. Oct. 1, 2, 3, 4. St. Louis. April 24, 25, 26, 30. May 1, 28, 28, 29. Sept. 10, 11. Oct. 8. Cleveland. May 10, 11, 12, 13. July 22, 23, 25 26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. Wasuirmton. May 5, 6, 7, 9. July 27. 28, 29, Sept. 10, 12, 13. New York. April 18, 19, 20, 21. July 1, 2, 4, Oct. 5, 6, 7. Boston. May 2, 3, 4. June 25, 27. 28,29. Sept 30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 National League. American League. Chicago at home vs. Boston. May 13, 14, 15, 16. Julv 21, 22, 23, 24 Aug. 22. 23, 24. Brooklyn. May 17, 18, 19, 20. July 17, 18, 19,! Aug:. 19, 20, 21. N?w York. May 9, 10, 11, 12. Julv 9, 10, 11, 12 Aug. 25, 27, 28. New York at home vs. Chicago. May 24, 25, 26, 27, July 8, 9, 11, 12. Aug. 25, 26, 27. St. Louis. May 14, 16, 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, 21. Aug. 18, 19, 20. Detroit. May 10, 11, 12, 13. July 22, 23, 25. 26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. Philadelphia. May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 15, 16. Aim. 29, 30. Cleveland. May 19, 20, 21, 23. J ulv 13, 14, 15, 16. Aug. 29, 30, 31. Pittsburg. April 24, 25, 26, 27. May 1,7, Sept. 10, 11. Washington. May 2, 3, 4. May 28, 30, 30, 31. Sept. 30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. Cincinnati. April 21, 22. 23. June 21, 22, June 27, 28. Sept. 6, 7, 8. Athletics. April 27, 28, 29. 30. June 21, 22, 23, 24, Sept. 5, 5, 6. St. Louis. April 28, 29. May 30, 30. June 25. Sepc. 3. 4. Oct. 9, 10, 12, 15. Boston. April 14, 15, 16. July 5, 6, 7. Sept. 1, 2, 3. Oct. 8, 8. St. !Louis at home vs. Koston at home vs. Boston. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 9, 10, 11, 12. Aug. 25, 27, 28. Chicauo. May 19, 20. 21, 23. Julvl3, 14, 15, Aug. 29, 30, 31. Brooklyn May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 15, 16. Aug. 29, 30. St. Louis. May 10, 11, 12, 13. Julv 22, 23, 25, Aug. 22, 23,24. New York. May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 21, 22, 23,24. Aug. 22, 23, 24. Detroit. May 14, 16, 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, Aug. 18, 19, 20. Philadelphia. May 17, 18, 19, 20. Julv 17, 18, 19, 20. Aug. 19, 20, 21. Cleveland. May 24, 25, 26, 27. July 8, 9, 11, Aug. 25, 26, 27. Pittsburg. Agril 14, 15, 16. 17. June 20, 21, 22. Oct. 2, 3, 4, 5. Washington. April 18, 19, 19, 20, 21. June 21, 23, 24, Sept. 5, 5. Cincinnati. May 4, 5,7, 8. June 23. 24, 25. July 4, 4, 5, 6. Chicago. April 18, 19. 20. June 29, 30. Julv 1, 2, 3, 28, 30, 31. Athletics. April 22. 23. 25, 26. Mav 28, 31. Sept. 7, 8, 9. New York. May 5, 6, 7. 9. Julv 27, sept. 10, 12, 13. 1, 29, BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 Eastern League. Montreal at home vs. Buffalo at home vs. Toronto. May 26, 27, 28, 29. July 10, 11, 12. 13. Sept. 16, 17, 18. Montreal. May 30, 30. June 3 . July 7, 8, 9, 9. Sept. 5, 5, 6. Buffalo. June 5, 6, 7, 8. July 1, 1, 2, 3. Sept. 19, 20, 21. Toronto. June 2, 3, 4. July 4. 4, 5, 6. Sept. 8, 9, 10, 10. Rocu eater. June 9, 10, 11, 12. July 15, 16, 17. Sept. 22, 23, 24, 25. Rochester. May 26, 27, 28. 28. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 3, 12, 13,14. Providence. May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 30, 31. Aug. 1, 2, 22, 23, 24. Providence. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 18. 19, 20, 21. Aug. 19, 20, 20. Jersey City. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 26, 27, 28, 29. Aug. 19, 20, 21. Jersey City. May 18, 19, 20, 21. .1 uly 22, 23, 23, 25. A ug. 22, 23, 24. Newark. May 22, 23, 24, 24. July 18, 19, 20, 21. Aus?. 25, 26. 27. Newark. May 13, 14, 16. 17. July 30, 30. Aug. 1, 2, 29, 30, 30, 31. Baltimore. May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 22, 23, 24, 25. Aug. 28, 29, 30. Baltimore. May 23, 24, 25. July 26, 27, 28, 29. Aug. 25, 26, 27, 27. Toronto at home vs. Rochester at home vs. Montreal. June 13, 14, 15. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15. Montreal. June 2, 3, 4. July 4. 4. 5, 6. Sept. 8, 9, 10, 10. Buffalo. June 9, 10, 11. 11. July 14, 15, 16. Sept. 22, 23, 24, 24. Toronto. May 30, 30, 31. June 1. July 7, 8, 9. Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. Rochester. June 6, 7, 8, 30. Julvl, 1, 2. Sept. 19, 20, 21, 21. Buffalo. June 13, 14, 15, 16. July 11, 12, 13 Sept. 15. 16, 17, 17. Providence. May 13, 14, 16, 17. July 22, 23, 23, 25. Aug. 29, 30, 3K Providence. May 23, 24. 25. July 26, 27, 28, 29. A ug. 25, 26, 27, 27. Jersey City. May 23, 24. 24, 25. July 18, 19, 20, 21. Aug. 25, 26, 27. Jersey City. May 13, 14, 16, 17. July 30, 30. Aug. 1, 2, 29, 30, 30, 31. Newark. May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 26, 27. 28, 29. Aug. 22, 23. 24. Newark. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 22, 23, 23, 25. Aug. 19, 20, 20. Baltimore. May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 30. Aug. 1, 1, 2, 19, 20, 20. Baltimore. May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 18, 19, 20, 21. Aug. 22, 23, 24. BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 Eastern League. Providence at home vs. May Montreal. 5, 7, 8. June 23, 25, 36. Aug. 3, 4, 5. 6. Montreal. April 25, 26, 27, 28. June 20, 21, 22. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14. Toronto. April 21, 22, 23. 24. June 17, 18, 19. Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. Toronto. April 29, 30. Mav 1. 2. June 27, 28. 29. Aug. 7, 8, 9, 10. Buffalo. April 29, 30. May 1, 2. June 27, 28, 29. A us?. 11, 12, 13, 14. Rochester. April 25, 26. 27, 28. June 20, 21, 22. A 114. 7, 8. 9, 10. Jersev City. June 2, 3, 4, 5. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept. 12, 13, 14. Providence. June 6, 7, 8. July 11, 12, 13, 14. Sept. 19, 20, 21, 21. Newark. May 26, 27, 28, 29. July 15, 16, 17. Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. Baltimore. May 30. 30. June 1, 30. July 1, 2, 3. Sept. 15. 16, 17, 18. Newark at borne vs. Buffalo. May 4, 5, 7, 8. June 17. 18, 19. Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. Rochester. April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 23, 25, 26. Aug. 3. 4, 5, 6. Jersev City. Mav 30. p. m. June 1, 13, 15. July 1, 3, 4, a. uq., 5. Sept. 18, 22, 24. Baltimore. June 2. 3. 4, 5, 12. July 10. Sept. 2, 3, 4, 10, 11. Jersey City at home vs. Baltimore at home vs. Montreal. April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 27, 28. 29 Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. Montreal. April 29, 30o May 2, 3. June 16, 18. Aug. 8, 9, 10, 10. Toronto. May 4, 5, 7. 8. J'ine 20, 21, 22. Aug 3, 4, 5. 6. Toronto. April 25, 26. 27, 28. June 23, 24, 25. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 13. Buffalo. A pril 25, 26, 27. 28. June 23, 25, 26, Aug. 7, 8, 9, 10. Buffalo. April 21, 22, 23, 23. June 20. 21, 22. Aug. 3, 4, 5, 6. April 29, i 19. Rochester. >. May 1.2. June 17, 18 Aug. 11. 12. 13, 14. Rochester. May 4, 5, 6, 7, June 27, 28, 29. Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. Providence. June 9, 10, 11, 12. July 7, 8, 9, 10 Sept. 9, 10, 11. Providence. June 13, 14, 15. July 4, 4, 5, 6. Sept. 22, 23, 24, 24. Newark. May 30 a. m.. 31. June 14. 30 July 2, 4, p. m., 6. Sept. 16, 17, 23. 25 Jersey City. Mav 26, 27, 28. July 11, 12, 13, 14 Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. J Baltimore. May 29. June 6. 7. 8. Julv 15, 16 17,17. Sent. 19, 20:21. Newark. June 9. 10, 11. July 7, 8, 9, 9. sept. 12, 12, 13, 14. OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A BASEBALL FIELD. ^S> vol 6363945- S |B7 63.6394 S .J§&. 64J ! ! 9fo fL M For further information see Rules from No* 2 to No. J2, HOW TO PITCH THE SPIT BALL. The spit ball, which is probably the most de- ceptive ball that a batter ever struck at, is thrown at medium speed. If thrown fast it loses its ef- fect. It must be carefully judged, for if it is too slow it will break too' soon and probably hit the ground before it reaches the catcher. To throw a spit ball wet the first and second fingers, so it will slip away instead of rolling away. With the latter movement the curve is sharp, but with the former it is sudden and some- times startling. It will be found difficult at first to control the ball, and the beginner is apt to be discouraged because of his wild throws. Bear in mind one thing: In ordinary and curve pitching the ball leaves the thumb first and the fingers last; with the spit ball this is re- versed, and the thumb is made to control the ball instead of the fingers. The wetting of the two fingers is only for the purpose of allowing the ball to slip away from them easily. 4*V JOHN McGRAW AT THE BAT. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Very little rotary motion is imparted to the "spit" ball. It! comes up big and slow and the batter can almost see the seams. Just as he draws back to hit it the ball seems to receive new impetus and drops or jumps as if struck, down from behind. If the batter hits where he aimed he misses it probably a foot. That used to be the case before batters real- ized what they were up against. In desperation, after being fooled a few times, they took to run- ning up to meet the ball, with the hope of hitting it before it "broke" or just as it was starting to. In this, however, the advantage is all with the pitcher, as he may "fake" a spit ball delivery and deliver a fast ball, which is past the batter before he gets started on his "run-up." That is what has caused so many former heavy hitters to become disheartened and declare that nowadays, the batter is lucky if he hits .250 on the season. It certainly has. cut down the hitting so much in one season that already a change in the rules is contemplated. Unlike an ordinary curved ball, the pitcher cannot be certain of the side direction the ball will take as it breaks downward. The perfect "spit" ball drops from a batter's hips to his knees or below in perhaps two feet of forward motion. The side breaks are determined by the manner in which the ball leaves the pitcher's hand. If SCIENCE OF BASEBALL the hand is turned with the arm facing down and to one side the break at the plate will be different than if the ball left the hand with the palm not turned over so far. There are a great many angles to deliver the ball from and different arm motions, but they must be studied out. HINTS ON PITCHING Almost every season makes a slight advance in the science of the game from the pitcher's standpoint, and it seems as if the game becomes more and more a proposition for the pitcher, and so too much space cannot be given to that most important of positions on a field, which requires and demands absolute confidence, coolness, clever- ness and speed. The best man is not the one who throws the fastest ball, but the one who has mastered the art of deceiving the batsman. It is the business of the modern pitcher to study the batter closely and discover his weak points, and make them the object of his attack, so to speak, and not deliver a series of wild, hap- hazard throws and simply trust to luck and the outfield. A pitcher's object is to deceive the man at the bat, and to induce him to hit at deceptive balls, and that is where the curve, the drop, and the in-shoot come in. To be a good pitcher, a player must have the ability to deliver a great variety of balls, so that he will not be batted out of the box when his throws are gauged. 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL 27 Fielding is another qualification a pitcher should cultivate. The balls that come his way from the bat are, as a rule, very swift liners or difficult grounders. He must think and act quickly, and be ready for any emergency. The watching of bases must also be taken into consideration, and the runners held close. More hits will unquestionably be made off the man who does this, but the score card will show fewer runs. A pitcher should throw the ball with a quick snap, making as few unnecessary movements as possible. Every act should be decisive, and many a base runner has come to grief because there was an alert pitcher in the box. He should pay a great deal of attention to the catcher, who is in a position to view the entire field, and be on the lookout for signals from him as to where the ball should be sent. Many a use- less throw can be saved by this and many a run- ner may be caught napping. He should be in a position to cover, in an emer- gency, any base left vacant, in order to catch a runner between bases. On all throws from the outfield to the home plate he should back up the catcher, although it may be considered advisable to take the ball him- self should the play, in his opinion, call for it. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. When the ball is hit to him he should make up his mind- in an instant what to do, and do it promptly, but without haste, which sometimes de- feats its own end. Never delay, but if the pitcher fields a ball he should get it to its destination as quickly and as accurately as possible. Many a pitcher, with too much confidence, has delayed too long, the baseman to whom he has thrown the ball has fumbled it, and as a result the runner has made the base. Above all things, the pitcher is not supposed to play an individual game. A team game is what counts in successful baseball, and while it is very gratifying to make a play for the grand stand, it is better for the good of the nine to' work together. If the pitcher finds he is being hit freely he wants to do what fighters would do — steady him- self until he has regained his control and form. Pitching means more than the simple act of sending the ball across the plate. It means sci- ence, and careful study, as well as the art of know- ing just what kind of a ball to deliver at a critical moment. Pitchers have been known to throw a ball so close to the man at the bat that it was necessary for him to jump out of the way to save himself from being hit. The object was to get his nerve and make him lose his coolness. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 3* The ideal pitcher is the man who plays the game with his head, who is ready for every emergency, cool, quick, alert, and never caught napping. Of course, a big man, for obvious reasons, makes a better pitcher than a small man, because he has physique to back him ; but that is no rea- son why a small man shouldn't make a good pitcher. It requires incessant practice to master the art, but it is well worth the trouble. The illustrations shown here regarding the de- livery of the ball should be carefully studied and conscientiously practiced, and success will surely follow. Only practice and experience will teach the novice. ■■H :* 5 ;;I'H:|] /If i : 1 ■ • V . ..■•:-..... ..: ROGER BRESNAHAN. THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT With pitchers studying out new and puzzling curves, throwing first fast and then slow, with drops, in-shoots, out-shoots, and rising balls, the position of catcher becomes trebly important, and his work increased accordingly. He must have a quick eye, strong hands, and good nerve, for all three are necessary to good play in that particular- position. Even in the most favorable light, the position is not an easy one, and it is always in the danger zone. Many a good catcher has pulled his team out of a hole at a critical moment, and has helped the pitcher to steady himself. The catcher is the man . who is practically in control of the field, because his position faces every player, and, con- sequently, not a move should escape him. By a system of signals he can notify the pitcher of every move made by the base runner, and when and where to throw a ball to catch a man napping. A long reach is almost indispensable for a catcher, for by its means he will be the better enabled to handle wild pitches which come his way. CATCHER GIBSON, PfTTSBURG NATIONALS. SCIENCE Or BASEBALL. A catcher who can hold the balls, no matter how fast or erratic they come, is bound to in- spire a pitcher with confidence, to say nothing of the good effect his work will have upon the rest of the team. A catcher with weight is bound to have a great advantage over a lighter man, because with nerve and pounds he will be better enabled to block a base runner who is willing to take all kinds of chances. He is bound to have nerve, anyhow, if he expects to be successful behind the bat, be- cause it is a great strain to be compelled to face the rapid-fire work of a good pitcher, watch the field, look after fouls, and protect the home plate. The catcher should never weaken in his work. If he is up against a fast, strong pitcher, he must take the balls as they come, and" not be afraid of them. For this the best thing is practice, and keep at it. His hands should never be allowed to grow soft. The good catcher will let nothing go past him ; he must be able to throw accurately, and he must have a brain that acts quickly. He must watch the bases closely and head off a runner. Many a game has been lost by the wild throw of a catcher who wasn't well up in the game ; and there is no position on the team that calls for harder work. CLARK GRIFFITH, CINCINNATI CLUB. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 37 He must be thoroughly familiar with signals, and be able to use them in such a manner that they will not be learned by any of the opposing players. There is style in catching, just as there is style in anything else. There is a way to stand and a place to stand, as well as a way to throw. In standing, the body should be bent well for- ward from the hips, with the knees straight, or almost SO'. The object is to assume such a posi- tion that the ball can be readily handled at any point from the ground up. Don't crouch, but assume an easy position. Don't make any more work than is necessary, as energy is a good thing to take care of. Keep your feet fairly close together — never more than 12 inches apart — and always be pre- pared for a quick throw. Bear in mind that the catcher must be prepared for every kind of an emergency, and he must be in form to make a long throw, stop a low ball, a high ball, or get to a foul at an instant's notice. The catcher and the pitcher should thoroughly understand each other, and after the signal the hands should be held in such a position that the batter will not have any reason to suspect which kind of a ball is coming at the next throw; so never give any of the opposing team any advan- tage in that direction. HAL CHASE, NEW YORK AMERICANS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL The position of the catcher can always be changed when the pitcher is ready to deliver the ball, and he can then prepare himself to hold it. Too much importance cannot be placed upon throwing accurately and promptly to the bases, and here again is where practice will make the good player. One of the best catchers in the business has this to say: "When about to catch a ball which is to be immediately thrown, be in a position to receive the ball on the right side ; take one short step with the left foot, and in throwing, send the ball straight from the shoulder without drawing the arm too far back." There isn't a great lot of speed in a ball of that character, but there is less time spent in start- ing it on the way, and that more than equalizes matters. In making long throws the ball should be sent overhand, but in throwing to first and third bases the snap throw will be found to be best. Don't catch with a stiff arm, as it is liable to injure the hands. Relax the muscles and let the hands give with the ball. Don't meet it with a jolt and increase the strain. The good catcher will be careful to keep his hands in good condition, and take no chances of having them crippled. Now a word as to foul flies. EDDIE LENNOX, BROOKLYN NATIONALS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. It looks easy from the outfield or grand stand for a catcher to get under a foul, but it takes a quick, alert player to handle them successfully. They are usually hit behind him, and it is some- times very confusing to have to turn around too quickly. But here is where practice comes in again, and it doesn't do any harm to practice on fouls. There have been many arguments as to where a catcher should stand when guarding the home plate, and there is a considerable difference of opinion on this point. Some stand a couple of feet back of the line and near the plate, contending that this makes it impossible for the runner to slide, around them. But the majority seem to concede that the proper position is in front of the plate and about two feet toward third base. Courage is most essential in a catcher's makeup, and he must be quick to think and quick to act. PITCHER COVALESK.I, PHILADELPHIA NATIONALS. PLAYING FIRST BASE. There was a time, years agt>, when the posi- tion of first baseman was not nearly so important as it is to-day, and so the man who defends that bag must be a particularly alert player. This may be more readily understood when the fact is stated that a large percentage of the balls thrown go to this point. With more than one man on bases his place is liable to be a critical one. It is considered good policy to cut off a player at third instead of the man who has just been at the bat, and who is trying to reach first, but the play should be made quickly. There are plenty of opportunities to make a double play, but many times they end in disaster, and allow the man on second base to get to third. So remem- ber the old rule — that one out is better than none out. Watch the man at the bat. When the bases are vacant play well into the field, in order to get hits that would otherwise be safe, and depend upon the pitcher to cover the base. In the event of fielding the ball at a short JOHN HUMMEL, BROOKLYN NATIONALS, SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 45 distance from the base, if the pitcher is covering it don't make the mistake of a swift overhand throw, which is liable to be muffed. In case the base is occupied, watch the batter closely, and if he bunts the ball toward first, run in and get it and throw it to second, on the chance that it may be returned promptly enough to head off the man who is trying to make first. Too much importance cannot be attached to this play, which has been adopted by all good first basemen. But don't hurry. Take your time, and make your throw accurate, and then get to your base, where you will be ready to receive the return throw. But before you throw, be sure that you will head the runner off. Make a sure-thing play of it, and if there should be any doubt about it, bear in mind that you can at least put out the batter. One of the most essential qualifications of a man playing first is his ability to successfully han- dle low balls, and a good clean pick up has re- tired many a runner at this point. A long reach is a good thing for any ball player to have, no matter in what position he plays, and its advantages in handling wild throws is self- evident. It is sometimes a difficult matter for a fielder to gauge a long throw, and the best posi- tion is to stand with both feet in front of the AL BRIDW-ELL, NEW YORK NATIONALS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. base, so that the position may be readily changed from one side to the other, according as the ball may come. Foul flies come within the province of the first baseman, and in order to handle them he must be a speedy sprinter and always on the alert. And, finally, go after the ball — never wait for it to come to you. Above all, don't stand behind your base when you expect to be in the play, because there is a good chance that the ball will reach you at the same time the runner arrives at the base, and he will be safe. Go forward to meec the ball, if possible, and be where you can command control of the bag. HUGH JENNINGS, MANAGER DETROITS. ON SECOND BASE. It requires a cool head for second base, as well as a thorough familiarity with the signals, and many a man holding down second has brought disaster to his side by going up in the air at a critical moment. Assuming that the first and third bases are oc- cupied, and that the man on first is trying to steal to second, the man on second will give the signal to the catcher for a long throw, while the short stop will back him up. Then, if the man on third attempts to score, a wide-awake second baseman will return the ball to the home plate and cut him off. Then, assuming that the man on third does not try to score, the second baseman will allow the ball to go to the short stop, who has temporarily covered the base, and put out the runner from first to second. This is more or less of a trick play, when made under these circumstances, in order to induce the runner on third base to attempt to score. TY COBB, DETROIT AMERICANS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL S1 This play has caused more criticism among the experts than any other on the diamond, but it is given here in the way it is played by those second basemen who rank as. stars. Quick judgment is absolutely necessary to this position, for with a runner on first, and the ball hit out to near him, a man hasn't got a great while to think what to do. Here is his chance for a double play, which he ought readily to make, if he keeps his head. But this, of course, with the understanding that no> one, or perhaps one man, is out. The proper place to stand is just inside of the line, two or three feet from the base, unless, of course, the runner happens to be a diver or a slider, when it is advisable to play behind the line. The object of playing inside the line is to be nearer the ball on a short throw from the catcher, and gathering in a grounder quickly. A great many flies come to> the second baseman's territory, and many of them are extremely diffi- cult to handle. He may have to go to center or right field, or he may have to run in almost to the pitcher. In cases of this kind there is always the chance of two men, both after the same ball, colliding. To avoid this, if he is reasonably sure of getting the fly, he should shout : 'Til take it r FIRST BASEMAN KONETCHY. ST LOUIS NATIONALS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. No reply is necessary to this, as the other player assumes that everything is all right. And then, on the other hand, unless this is done, both players may stop running for the ball, each one assuming that the other will take it, and both will miss it. Many an easy fly has proved a safe hit because of a misunderstanding between players in the field. A little practice and experience will soon prove to a player whether he can get the ball or not, and if his colleague has the better chance, he should allow him by all means to take the ball. Don't try for a grand stand play at the expense of the game. Don't call out that you will take the ball un- less it is almost a certainty that you can take it. CAPT. FRED CLARK, PITTSBURG TEAM. THE THIRD BASEMAN. The third baseman is right in line with some of the hardest hits, which it takes no little amount of nerve and courage to> face. Besides this, he occupies what is considered by many experts one of the most difficult positions on the diamond. When a runner is on third base, the temptation to steal home is very great, and here is where the third baseman's alertness comes into play. With one run needed to win, or tie the score, his posi- tion is indeed a trying one, and it frequently hap- pens that the game is in his hands. A good man on third can make the position a comparatively easy one, just the same as a good man anywhere can do any kind of work with less exertion than one who may be less capable. The good man on third will study the peculiari- ties of the men at the bat, and become just as fa- miliar with them as the pitcher. He will pick DICK MORRIS, A CHAMPION PITCHER. Science or baseball. out the bunters, and try, as far as is possible, to anticipate the play. The toughest proposition he has to face is the expert with the willow, who is not only a scientific batter, but a sprinter of abil- ity. He must make up his mind that the batter is just as clever as he is, and will try and deceive him, if possible. Such a batter will do all in his power to induce the baseman to play in close by pretending to bunt, and will then make a safe hit. So the man on third who expects to be really good in the position must know to a certain extent about what is going to happen — in advance. He should field all of the easy, slow hits, in- stead of the short stop, with whom he must have a complete understanding. And as in every other position on a nine, team work counts for a great deal in the long run. But he shouldn't conflict with the short stop by endeavoring to reach a ball that ought to be fielded by the latter. He should also watch the bases, and when he throws the ball, throw it to the right place at the right time. If it should so happen, as it frequently does, that a runner is on first base, and a hit is made to third, he should throw the ball to second, from whence it will go to first, with two out as the result. But 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL. 59 if there is no chance for a double play, he should give the throw to second the preference, by all means. There are many intricacies in this position which will soon be mastered by an earnest, intelligent, ambitious player, if he will study them. k ; # Ji ::/l:::'\ ml *J */ Mm <%.. JT -^>!':^ HK^fli «^J% ■ ;m\ :; j ill '.'■'■ ■ ■ '""'" ■ *%li- ^ .. v K» SHORT STOP. This means an exceedingly active man, good at a sprint, quick to get in action, and just as quick to stop; a good and accurate thrower, and. the more ability he has to throw a ball the better will he be able to support a very trying posi- tion. He is also an emergency second and third base- man, and must be always ready to get to either one very quickly when he is wanted. The short stop covers a territory in which it is very easy for an experienced batter to send the ball, and he must, perforce, keep all his wits about him. It frequently happens that he will have to field the ball on a run. He must then make a dead stop and send it to first without de- lay. The position of short stop offers many oppor- tunities for individual star plays, and the work of a good man will have no little effect upon the score card. SCIENCE OF BAttCttAtLi. 63 And here, again, a word of caution, which seems to be particularly appropriate. Don't throw the ball until you are sure you are going to get it to the hands of the man who is waiting to re- ceive it, and don't be over anxious. Wild throws and fumbles are inexcusable errors, which should never be made. Better not throw the ball at all, than throw it wild, and give the runner a chance to make an- other base, or perhaps score. The duty of a short stop includes that of tak- ing part in the play when a runner is caught be- tween the bases, and he assists the baseman in running the player down. Don't make too many throws in play. Start off at full speed, and get the runner in action, and then make the throw to the fielder who is in front of the man. A few throws will generally do the trick, and a lot of surplus energy will be saved. The short stop should thoroughly familiarize himself with the system of signals of the team, especially those which are used between the catch- er and the first and second basemen, so that he will be informed of approaching plays, and be able to back them up promptly and effectively. He is supposed to be an all-around man, and he is ; and his business is to help the other play- ers on the team whenever and wherever it is pos- sible to do so. - Br > ■m Mm ^7^P"^H' i> 1 \u .s>-*~»t € HI 2^ Irl^nJE/* ' . J^ - '^3 -* »- :.: - Mp - *" i ^M^iiP1 HI: ' £ -of t 1 '.,-1 ; ! .... p^7^ m : ; VS / 1 ^Pl 5* < Jl * *^^ll • V— -< < 1£^ • ^*$#\ r : 1 i' :' _»• " " AT THE BAT. In many games the batting tells the story, and while a player may be a star in almost any posi- tion on the nine, yet1 he is liable to be weak when at the bat. The way to learn how to handle the bat is to go up against a good pitcher and try and hit him. Practice is everything, but in batting there is a great deal more to be learned than would seem at first glance. The veriest tyro can take a ball and a bat and knock flies and grounders, and he can become so proficient that he will be able to send the sphere a long distance. But put him up against a good pitcher, and he will fan the air for a few minutes and then go and take a seat on the bench and give somebody else a chance. So to all baseball players this advice is given: Learn how to bat pitched balls, and train the eye to follow the ball and gauge it accurately. There are very few young men who, if they hit a ball fairly, cannot send it a great distance ; they have muscle enough for that, so that it isn't a ques- SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 67 tion of strength alone; but the thing is to hit it, and the science of it all is to put it in a good safe spot, whether it is in the infield or the outfield. And now assume that the game has begun, and you are at the bat. Don't be in a hurry; there is plenty of time. Watch the pitcher, and when he delivers the ball shift your eyes to it. Stand firm, with the legs, not too far apart, and within easy reaching distance of the plate. Be confident. Don't let the pitcher get your nerve. When the pitcher is about to deliver the ball be prepared to meet it, and try and make up your mind whether it is a fast ball or a slow ball. Study his delivery, and try to discover what he is going to do next. Rather let a ball go and have a strike, than miss it, because nothing is so discouraging as to hit at a ball and miss it. The weight should be on the forward foot, and once the ball has been started don't attempt to change your position, and don't make a wild swing or reach for it. A trained eye and close calculation will do more for the man at the bat than the muscles of San- dow ; and be careful not to take a long step on the spur of the moment in going after what seems an easy ball. Keep all the advantage of height in order to bat a moderately high ball. SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 69 The secret of a long hit is not muscle ; it's knack. It lies in the hitting of the ball at precisely the proper moment, with a sharp, quick stroke, and adding to it the impetus given by the shoulders. It isn't necessary to swing hard, either ; in fact, in many cases, it is a fatal error, and it robs the batter of his judgment of distance and accuracy. Don't look for a home run. The base hit is what pulls the batting average up. Study the field, and master the ability to send the ball into a certain territory, rather than to try and send it a great distance; and don't forget that flies are fatal to the batter in many instances. It is conceded that the bat should hit the ball not more than six inches from the end. The weight of the bat doesn't make a very great difference — that is at the option of the player. It is a hard matter to define just how the bat should be held, because many good players have their own opinion on this subject; but you will not be very far out of the way if you keep the hands slightly apart, and in a position that the bat may be readily and easily handled. One of the most important things to learn is scientific hitting. For this the hands should be much further apart, and the player should lean forward and wait for a low ball, which is the best for this purpose. The trouble with a high ' ; i!faU4M 11 : • 111,' ' ■ : NAPOLEON LAJOIE OF BATTING FAME. SCIENCE Or BASEBALL. ball is that the batter is liable to pop up an easy fly, which can be easily caught by the infield. The ability to place a ball in any certain terri- tory— it should be called an art — cannot be over- estimated, and too much attention cannot be given to it. This particular chapter is one of the most im- portant in this book, because it applies to all play- ers, no matter what their positions on the nine may be. Every man has to bat, while only two or three have to pitch, or occupy certain posi- tions on the field. And, above all, be confident. Don't be afraid of being hit with the ball. Re- member you are about to engage in a contest in which you will have nine men against you, and you have every chance of winning, notwithstand- ing the apparently unequal odds. For the batter, confidence is half the game ; and he shouldn't fear a pitched ball; the fact of be- ing hit by a ball shouldn't get a man's nerve. It's all in the game, and if a player is enthusiastic over the great national game he will be willing to take the few hard knocks that go with it. If your eyes are at all bad, don't play ball, for you will never succeed. Every ball player needs two good eyes, and he must use them all the time, and more especially when he is at the bat. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Nothing will so rattle a man as a wild pitcher, especially one who delivers a speedy ball, and many pitchers throw wild occasionally in order to make a batter nervous. But wait until the ball comes that you want. Make up your mind that you want to hit the ball if the opportunity offers, and don't hope and expect to be sent to your base on balls. Don't play a mechanic's game, but play for the love of the sport. The player who stands in the correct position at the plate will not often be hit, because he will be able to dodge and side step readily. When a player is at the bat, the only thing he has to consider is the ball, as it comes from the pitcher, and he shouldn't shrink back every time a fast ball comes near him. The man who can- not face a speedy ball shouldn't attempt to play the game seriously. Brains are just as necessary in playing ball as they are in business, and a man must think, and use them. Study the game, and bear in mind that a good man at the bat is a good man on any nine. THE OUTFIELDERS. The player who is a good outfielder is a valu- able and important addition to any team. His motto should be, "Don't wait, but get there." There are two essential qualifications, and they must be well developed — a strong arm and the ability to sprint. Of course, it is understood that a fielder must possess other good points, but these come first, and without them he might as well try some other po- sition, for he will never make a success in the field. Practice and good judgment will tell the story, for a man never knows what he can do until he tries. It isn't everyone who can get under a fly and hold it, or who' can field a bounding grounder and throw it accurately and swiftly to the proper base. The fielder must think quick and act quick. He must take the sun and the wind into considera- tion, as well as the nature of the ground upon which he is working. A slight inequality will often divert the course of a grounder that would SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. otherwise come his way, and he must allow for that. He should know, the instant the ball is hit by the batter, just about where it will go, and he should not confine himself to too small a terri- tory. Fielding alone will not win a game, but if suc- cessfully done its influence will be shown on the score of the opposing team. Don't hold the ball, but throw it at once to the proper place, and be accurate about it, too, for a wild throw from the outfield is usually disas- trous, and gives the runner a chance to advance. It is a good rule for the center fielder, as well as the left fielder, to throw to second base, if there is a man on first, and to throw to third if there is a man on second. With the right fielder it is different, but it is too long a throw to third from where he would probably field the ball, and with a man on first his play would be to send the ball to second ; and with no men on bases, to throw it to first. Another point for fielders is that the fielders should not interfere with each other. Go for the ball if you have any kind of a chance to get it, and if you are reasonably sure you can handle it, announce the fact as you are running. If not, it is just as well to call to any of the other fielders who may be going for it, "You take it 1" SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. This not only prevents confusion, but prevents the possibility of the ball dropping uncaught be- tween two players, which has been known to oc- cur. A good fielder will know as soon as a ball is hit just about where it will go, especially if it is a long fly ; and if he is a good man, and he judges the fly will go over him, he will not keep backing and stumbling, but he will instantly gauge it, and, turning his back on it, will run to the place where he expects it will land. Here is where speed comes in, for the sooner he reaches the desired point the more time he will have to get directly under it in its drop. But such work as this can come only from long practice. It is worth the while in the end, and it will more than repay the ambitious ball player. Of course, it is easier to run in for a ball than out for it, but batters do not hit a ball to be caught, and the conscientious fielder will find that there is plenty of work cut out for him. In fielding a grounder, don't wait until it comes to you, but go after it, and get it, if possible, on a short bound. Always back up the play of another fielder. No man is infallible, and he is liable to miss a ball ; but with two men the chances of missing are mini- mized, and besides, it will serve to make the run- ners stick to their bases a little closer. 76 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL. Another thing: a man who is backed up will have more confidence in his work. Good support is invaluable in every part of the game of baseball. Help each other, and remember, again, that good team work will tell in the long run. CONCERNING BASE RUNNING Every man who has a pair of legs, and who knows how to use them, is not a good base run- ner. Base running has come to be an art, and it is only second in importance to batting. As- suming that a man can bat out a good safe ball, but allows himself to be caught at first, second, or third, he isn't as good on the team as the one who by dint of hard work manages to land a base hit and then, either by trickery or speed, or clever- ness, or all combined, manages to score. Excellence in base running has come to be rec- ognized, and the true lover of the game will al- ways be at work trying to deceive the fielders as well as the battery. But one thing is certain, and that is that it calls for a combination of all the qualities that go toward making a successful ball player. The man who is a sprinter, and who> is daring, and has courage, a cool head, and clear judgment, will need it all when he is running bases. Of course, on a long safe hit, any heavy- footed pedestrian can amble from first to second, 78 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL or from second to third, and eventually make his way home and score; but that isn't baseball, any more than owning a couple of bats makes a man a crack batter. To be able to get away quickly is of very great value, as seconds count in running bases. There are 90 feet from base to base, and there is plenty of time to put a man out. A runner is supposed to depend a lot on the advice of the coach, but he must also use his own brains. The man he has to deceive is the catcher, who is watching him all the time, and he has got to beat the ball nine times out of ten. Here is where the speed comes in. The best advice a coach can give is often wast- ed on a runner who is not quick enough to act on it. Get away — when you do get away — in a hurry, and keep going. A coach is supposed to' be a good, alert man, but he is not perfect, any more than any other man is, and it often happens that a base runner will lose his chance while waiting for the cue to get off. He who hesitates is lost applies especially to a man running the bases; and here is where good judgment comes in. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 79 The runner should not announce his intentions by his actions, but he should always try to get the catcher off his guard. The man who invariably keeps well off from his base, and who is kept running and sliding back to it by the alertness of the pitcher, will eventually be worn out by his exertions, and when the time does come to run will have lost his abil- ity to sprint. Don't go through any unnecessary gymnastics, but make every move count. A runner who* is not well up in the game will often make three or four false starts in the hope of inducing the catch- er to throw to second, but a wary man behind the bat is never deceived by any such antics. The pitcher is bound to keep his eye on a run- ner who is on first base, even though his surveil- lance is not apparent, and he can hold a man fairly close to> the bag. But that will not prevent a good runner from stealing to second, which he ought to do as soon as the opportunity presents itself, and leave first open for the man at the bat. But the base runner must assume that the pitch- er and catcher are both working against him as well as the first and second basemen. It is a case of four to one, and to> win out he must not only use his feet, but his brains, wits, and good judg- ment as well. 80 SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. A man should train for base running just as he should train for anything else, and he should de- vote a great deal of his time to quick starts and I oo-yard sprints at top speed. Very often, while on first, there will be a two-bagger knocked out from the plate, and that means he will have to go over 1 80 feet at his best pace. Then, in the event of a wild throw, he has ninety feet more to cover to score. If he isn't in good condition, those ninety feet will seem very long, and in the end he may find the catcher waiting for him with the ball. Volume No. 2 of Fox's Athletic Library con- tains a series of illustrated breathing exercises, which every player will find of great benefit, and he can do no better than practice them to get and keep his wind in good condition. In training for baseball, the young athlete is advised not to do any very heavy work that will tend to make him muscle-bound, if he wants to develop speed. The man who can lift 300 pounds can't throw a ball with the same vim and snap as a man whose muscles have been cultivated for speed. It is the same with boxers. Compare the lightning-like Jim Corbett with muscle-bound Tom Sharkey, and the difference will readily be noted. SLIDING TO BASE. BY HARRY BAY, CLEVELAND, A. L. Comparatively few players are able to master base sliding, for obvious reasons. There are two ways of doing it — head first, and feet first. The latter is the more successful, as a rule. In the first place, the spiked shoes that he wears are liable to injure the legs of the man on the base, and the latter well knows it, and he will be a little more careful than if the runner came on head first. There is no question but that the sliding run- ner will often save his base, especially if he is able to throw his body one side, in order to es- cape the baseman. But a runner should not adopt and adhere to any particular style. He must vary it according to the exigencies of the case. He must study out the possibilities. When he starts he should have but one object in view, and that is to gain the base he is heading for. Don't watch the ball, and pay no attention to anything but the base. Don't turn your head to look either sideways or behind, as it is bound to result in loss of speed ; and he shouldn't slide un- less his pants are properly padded. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. One point suggests itself here in regard to base stealing, and it is this: There are times when it would be folly to try to steal a base, and those are the times when runs are needed to tie a score or win a game. There are times to take chances, and there are times to play cautious, as the play- er's own discernment and experience will suggest ; and team work is to be considered before every- thing else. Work for the good of the team at all times. The ideal base runner is the man who is al- ways on the alert to take instant advantage of the errors of his opponents. When the team is bat- ting good and strong, the runner will not have to take so many chances as when his side at the bat is hitting them weak; and here again comes the question of good judgment. Never forget that a good start is everything. Stealing bases is bound to have its effect on the average pitcher, and make him more or less nervous, and it doesn't inspire the fielders with confidence, either. But it is a difficult — in fact, an impossible — matter to lay out plays in a book, and the man who really wants to learn to play the game right must use his head, and study out many of the problems. <^CexAA>± 6.Q 1 ON BUNTING. BY WILLIE KEELER, NEW YORK, A. L. Although this chapter should come under the head of batting, yet it is strong enough and im- portant enough to have a place of its own. It has to-day become a distinct feature, and the man who knows the science of bunting is a valuable acquisition on any team, no matter what his other qualifications may be. The man who bunts the ball can usually place it in any territory he desires, for the simple rea- son that he is better able to gauge an easy hit than if he were going to slug. And it is important that the bunter should know just when to bunt and where to put the ball, in order that it may do the most good. WUA^ MATHEWSON, THE PHENOMENAL PITCHER. SPECIAL NOTICE There have been some changes made in the rules since this volume was made up, but the majority of them only affect the games of the major leagues, and are of no importance whatever in an average game. Rule 32 — To this rule is added the paragraph that a ball is unfairly delivered, if, while the bases are occu- pied, either foot of the pitcher is not in contact with the pitcher's plate. Rule 33 — A new section says that if a pitcher is taken from the game the substitute shall continue to pitch until the batsman has either been put out or has reached first base. Rule 36 — Other reasons for a ball not being in play are when it is illegally batted ; a balk ; interference with the fielder or batsman or when it strikes a base runner or umpire before touching a fielder. Rule 39 — Add to this rule that the batting order must be on the score card. Rule 50 — The words "foul strike" are taken out and the words "illegally batted ball" are substituted. Rule 54 — Add to Section 1 that the batsman is entitled to a base "if a fair ball strikes the person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner on fair ground." Rule 55, Section 6 — Returning to Bases — If the um- pire be struck by a fair hit ball before touching a fielder in which case no base shall be run unless neces- sitated by the batsman becoming a base runner, and no runs shall be scored unless all the bases are occupied. Sec. 7 — If the umpire declare the batsman or another base runner out for interference. Rule 54 — Add Entitled to Bases — If a thrown or pitched ball strike the person or clothing of any umpire on foul ground the ball shall be considered in play and the base runner or runners shall be entitled to all the bases they can make. Rule 56— Strike out Section 20. Rule 60 — This rule has been amended so as to provide for two umpires, to be known as the Umpire-in-Chief and the Field Umpire. The former shall take up a position back of the catcher and shall render all except base decisions, except in the following cases: (1) If the ball is hit fair, with a runner on first, he must go to third base to take a possible decision. (2) With more than one base occupied he shall decide whether or not a runner on third leaves that base before a fly ball is caught. (3) In case of a runner being caught between third and home, when more than one base is occupied, he shall make the decision on the runner nearest the home plate. Sec. 4 — He alone shall have authority to declare a game forfeited. The Field Umpire shall have equal authority with the Umpire-in-Chief of fining or removing from the game players who violate these rules. Rule 63 — There shall be no appeal from the decision of either umpire, and no decision by him shall be re- versed, except that he be convinced that he is in viola- tion of one of these rules. The captain alone shall have the right to protest against a decision and seek its reversal on the ground that it is in conflict with a section of these rules. Rule 64 — If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and jurisdiction shall extend to all points, and he shall be permitted to take his stand in any part of the field that in his opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties. Rule 65 — Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dispute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision on a play. Rule 72 — Section 1 — Before the commencement of a game the umpire shall see that the rules governing all the materials of the game are strictly observed. Section 2. — In case of spectators overflowing on the playing field the home captain shall make special ground rules to cover balls batted or thrown in the crowd, pro- vided such rules be acceptable to the captain of the visiting club. If the latter object the umpire shall have full authority to make and enforce such special rules, and he shall announce the same to the spectators. Section 3. — In all cases where there are no spectators on the playing field and where a thrown ball goes into a stand for spectators or over or through any fence surrounding the playing field, or into the player's bench, whether the ball rebounds into field or not, the runner or runners shall be entitled to two bases. The umpire, in awarding such bases, shall be governed by the posi- tion of the runner or runners at the time the throw is made. Rule 85 — In Section 7 the addition is made that an assist should be given to each player who handles the ball in aiding a run-out or any other play of the kind, even though he complete the play by making the put- out. The following, paragraph is added to Section 8 of the same rule : In event of a fielder dropping a fly, but recovering the ball in time to force a batter at another base, he shall be exempted from an error, the play being scored as a "force-out." Section 10 of the same rule is interesting because it defines a wild pitch and a passed ball. It says : A wild piteri is a legally delivered ball, so high, low, or wide of the plate that the catcher cannot or does not stop and control it with ordinary effort, and as a result the batsman, who becomes a base runner, reaches first base, or a base runner advances. A passed ball is a legally delivered ball that the catcher should hold or control with ordinary effort, but his failure to do so enables the batsman, who becomes a base runner on such pitched ball, to reach first base, or a base runner to advance. RULES. Rule 1. The Ball Ground. The ball ground must be enclosed. To obviate the necessity for ground rules, the shortest distance from a fence or stand on fair territory to the home base should be 235 feet and from home base to the grandstand 90 feet. Rule 2. To Lay Off the Field. To lay off the lines defining the location of the several bases, the catcher's and the pitcher's position and to establish the boundaries required in playing the game of baseball, proceed as follows : Diamond or Infield. From a point, A, within the grounds, project a straight line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet from point A, lay off lines B C and B D at right angles to the line A B ; then, with B as a center and 63.63945 feet as a radius, describe arcs cutting the lines B A at F and B C at G, B D at H and B E at I. Draw lines F G, G E, E H, and H F, which said lines shall be the containing lines of the Diamond or Infield. Rule 3. The Catcher's Lines. With F as a center and 10 feet radius, describe an arc cutting line F A at L, and draw lines L M and L O at right angles to F A, and continue same out from F A not less than 10 feet. Rule 4. The Foul Lines. From the intersection point, F, continue the straight lines F G and F H until they intersect the lines L M and L O, and then from the points G and H in the oppo- site direction until they reach the boundary lines of the ground, and said lines shall be clearly visible from any part of the diamond and no wood or other hard sub- stance shall be used in the construction of said lines. 86 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Bule 5. The Players' Lines. With F as center and 50 foot radius, describe arcs cutting lines F O and F M at P and Q; then, with F as center again and 75 feet radius, describe arcs cutting F G and F H at R and S ; then, from the points P, Q, R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines F O, F M, F G and F H, and continue the same until they intersect at the points T and W. Bule 6. The Coacher's lanes. With R and S as centers and 15 feet radius, describe arcs cutting the lines R W and S T at X and Y, and from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with the lines F H and F G, and continue same out to the boun- dary lines of the ground. Rule 7. The Three-foot Line. With F as a center and 45 feet radius, describe an arc cutting the line F G at 1, and from 1 to the distance of three feet draw a line at right angles to F G, and marked point 2 ; then from point 2, draw a line parallel with the line F G to a point three feet beyond the point G, marked 3 ; then from the point 3 draw a line at right angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with F G, and from thence back along the line G F to point 1. Bule 8. The Batsman's Lines. On either side of the line A F B describe two paral- lelograms six feet long and four feet wide (marked 8 and 9), their longest side being parallel with the line A F B, their distance apart being six inches added to each end of the length of the diagonal of the square within the angle F, and the center of their length being on said diagonal. Bule 9. The Pitcher's Plate. Section i. With point F as center and 60.5 feet as radius, describe an arc cutting the line F B at line 4, and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and ex- tending 12 inches on either side of line F B ; then with line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches by 6 inches, in which shall be located the pitcher's plate. Sec. 2. The pitcher's plate shall not be more than 15 inches higher than the base lines or the home plate, SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 87 which shall be level with the surface of the field, and the slope from the pitcher's plate to every base line and the home plate shall be gradual. Rule 10. The Bases. Section i. Within the angle F, describe a five-sided figure, two of the sides of which shall coincide with the lines F G and F H to the extent of 12 inches each, thence parallel with the line F B 8}4 inches to the points X and Y, a straight line between which, 17 inches, will form the front of the home base or plate. Sec. 2. Within the angles at G, I and H describe squares, whose sides are 15 inches in length, two of such sides of which squares shall lie along the lines F G and G I, G I and I H, I H and H F, which squares shall be the location of the first, second and third bases respectively. Rule 11. The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4 must each be of whitened rubber, and so fixed in the ground as to be even with its surface. Rule 12. The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the Third Base at H must each be a white canvas bag filled with soft material and securely fastened in place at the point specified in Rule 10. Rule 13. The lines described in Rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 must be marked with lime, chalk or other white material, easily distinguishable from the ground or grass. Rule 14. The Ball. Section i. The ball must weigh not less than five nor more than five and one quarter ounces avoirdupois, and measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quar- ter inches in circumference. A league ball must be used in all games played under these rules. °° SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Sec. 2. Two regulation balls of the make adopted by the league of which the contesting clubs are members shall be delivered by the home club to the umpire at or before the hour for the commencement of a champion- ship game. If the ball placed in play be batted or thrown out of the grounds or into one of the stands for spectators or, in the judgment of the umpire, becomes unfit for play from any cause, the umpire shall at once deliver the alternate ball to the pitcher and another legal ball shall be supplied to him, so that he shall at all times have in his control one or more alternate balls. Provided, however, that all balls batted or thrown out of the ground or into a stand, shall when returned to the field be given into the custody of the umpire immediately and become alternate balls, and so long as he has in his possession two or more alternate balls, he shall not call for a new ball to replace one that has gone out of play. The alternate balls shall become the ball in play in the order in which they were delivered to the umpire. Sec. 3. Immediately upon the delivery to him of the alternate ball by the umpire, the pitcher shall take his position and on the call of "Play," by the umpire, it shall become the ball in play. Provided, however, that play shall not be resumed with the alternate ball when a fair batted ball or a ball thrown by a fielder goes out of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the base-runners have completed the circuit of the bases unless compelled to stop at second or third base, in compliance with a ground rule. Discolored or Damaged Balls. Sec. 4." In the event of a ball being intentionally discolored by rubbing it with the soil or otherwise by any player or otherwise damaged by any player, the umpire shall, upon appeal by the captain of the opposite side, forthwith demand the return of the ball and substitute for it another legal ball as herein- before described ; and impose a fine of five dollars upon the offending player. Home Club to Provide Balls. Sec. 5. In every game the balls played with shall be furnished by the home club, and the last in play shall SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 89 become the property of the winning club. Each ball shall be enclosed in a paper box, which must be sealed with the seal of the Secretary of the League and bear his certificate that he has examined, measured and weighed the ball contained therein, and that it is of the required standard in all respects. The seal shall not be broken by the umpire except in the presence of the captains of the contesting teams after "Play" has been called. Reserve Balls on Field. Sec. 6. The home club shall have at least a dozen regulation balls on the field during each championship game, ready for use on the call of the umpire. Rule 15. The Bat. The bat must be round, not over two and three-fourths inches in diameter at the thickest part, nor more than 42 inches in length and entirely of hardwood, except that for a distance of 18 inches from the end twine may be wound or a granulated substance applied to the handle. Rule 16. Number of Players in a Game. The players of each club actively engaged in a game at one time shall be nine in number, one of whom shall act as captain; and in no case shall more or less than nine men be allowed to play on a side in a game. Rule 17. Positions of the Players. The players may be stationed, at any points of the field their captain may elect, regardless of their respective positions, except that the pitcher, while in the act of delivering the ball to the bat, must take his position as defined in Rules 9 and 30 ; and the catcher must be with- in the lines of his position as defined in Rule 3 and within 10 feet of home base, whenever the pitcher dc livers the ball to the bat. Rule 18. Must Not Mingle with Spectators. Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy seats in the stands, or to mingle with the spectators. Rule 19. Uniforms of Players. Every club shall adopt two uniforms for its players, one to be worn in games at home and the other in games 9° SCIENCE OF BASEBALL abroad, and the suits of each of the uniforms of a team shall conform in color and style. No player who shad attach anything to the sole or heel of his shoe other than the ordinary baseball shoe plate, or who shall appear in a uniform not conforming to the suits of the other mem- bers of his team, shall be permitted to play. Rule 20. Size and Weight of Gloves. The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or mitt of any size, shape or weight. Every other player is re- stricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over 10 ounces and not over 14 inches around the palm. Rule 21. Players' Benches. Section i. Players' benches must be furnished by the home club and placed upon a portion of the ground not less than twenty-five (25) feet outside of the play- ers' lines. One such bench shall be for the exclusive use of the visiting team and the other for the exclusive use of the home team. Each bench must be covered with a roof and closed at the back and each end; a space, however, not more than six (6) inches wide may be left under the roof for ventilation. All players and substitutes of the side at bat must be seated on their team's bench, except the batsman, base-runners and such as are legally assigned to coach base-runners. Under no circumstances shall the umpire permit any person except the players and substitutes in uniform and the manager of the team to be seated on the bench. Penalty for Violation. Sec. 2. Whenever the umpire observes a violation of the preceding section he shall immediately order such player or .players as have disregarded it to be seated. If the order be not obeyed within one minute, the of- fending players shall be fined $5 each by the umpire. If the order be not obeyed then within one minute, the offending player or players shall be barred from further participation in the game and shall be obliged forthwith to leave the playing field. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 91 Rule 22. A Regulation Game. Every championship game must be commenced not later than two hours before sunset and shall continue until each team has had nine innings, provided, however, that the game shall terminate: (1) If the side at bat scores less runs in nine innings than the other side has scored in eight innings. (2) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores the winning run before the third man is out. Sec. 3. If the game be called by the umpire on ac- count of darkness, rain, fire, panic or for other cause which puts patrons or players in peril. Rule 23. Extra-Inning: Games. If the score be a tie at the end of the nine (9) innings for each team, play shall be continued until one side has scored more runs than the other in an equal number of innings, provided, that if the side last at bat score the winning run before the third man is out in any inning after the ninth, the game shall terminate. Rule 24. Drawn Games. A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire if the score is equal on the last even inning played, when he terminates play, in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, after five or more equal innings have been played by each team. But if the side that went second to bat is at the bat when the game is terminated, and has scored the same number of runs as the other side, the umpire shall declare the game drawn without regard to the score of the last equal inning. Rule 25. Called Games. If the umpire calls a game in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, at any time after five innings have been completed, the score shall be that of the last equal in- nings played, except that if the side second at bat shall have scored in an unequal number of innings, or before the completion of the unfinished inning, at least one run more than the side first at bat, the score of the game shall be the total number of runs each team has made. Rule 26. Forfeited Games. A forfeited game shall be declared by the umpire in favor of the club not in fault in the following cases : 9a SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Section i. If the team of a club fail to appear upon the field, or being upon the field, refuse to begin a game for which it is scheduled or assigned, within five min- utes after the umpire has called "Play" at the hour for the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appear- ing, or in commencing the game, be unavoidable. Sec. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuse to continue to play, unless the game has been suspended or terminated by the umpire. Sec. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the umpire, one side fails to resume playing in one minute after the umpire has called "Play." Sec. 4. If a team employ tactics palpably designed to delay the game. Sec. 5. If, after warning by the umpire, any one of the rules of the game be wilfully and persistently vio- lated. Sec. 6. If the order for the removal of a player, as authorized by Rules 21, 58 and 64, be not obeyed within one minute. Sec. 7. If, because of the removal of players from the game by the umpire, or for any cause, there be less than nine players on either team. Sec. 8. If, when two games are scheduled to be played in one afternoon, the second game be not com- menced within ten minutes of the time of the completion of the first gam'e. The umpire of the first game shall be the timekeeper. Sec. q. In case the umpire declare the game forfeited, he shall transmit a written report thereof to the presi- dent of the League within twenty-four hours thereafter. However, a failure on the part of the umpire to so notify the president shall not affect the validity of his award of the game by forfeiture. Rule 27. No Game. "No game" shall be declared by the umpire if he ter- minates play in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, before five innings are completed by each team. Pro- vided, however, that if the club second at bat shall have made more runs at the end of its fourth inning than the club first at bat has made in five completed in- nings of a game so terminated, the umpire shall award the game to the club having made the greater number SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 93 of runs, and it shall count as a legal game in the cham- pionship record. Rule 28. Substitutes. Section i. Each side shall be required to have pres- ent on the field during a championship game a suffi- cient number of substitute players in uniform, conform- ing to the suits worn by their team-mates, to carry out the provisions of this code which requires that not less than nine players shall occupy the field in any inning of the game. Sec. 2. Any such substitute may at any stage of the game take the place of a player, whose name is in his team's batting order, but the player whom he succeeds shall not thereafter participate in that game. Sec. 3. A base-runner shall not have another player whose name appears in the batting order of his team run for him except by the consent of the captain of the other team. Rule 29. Choice of Innings —Fitness of Field for Play. The choice of innings shall be given to the captain of the home club, who shall be the sole judge of the fitness of the ground for beginning a game after a rain ; but, after play has been called by the umpire, he alone shall be the judge as to the fitness of the ground for resuming play after the game has been suspended on account of rain. THE PITCHING RULES. Rule 30. Delivery of the Ball to the Bat. Preliminary to pitching, the pitcher shall take his position facing the batsman with both feet squarely on the ground and in front of the pitcher's plate; and in the act of delivering the ball to the bat he must keep one foot in contact with the pitcher's plate defined in. Rule 9. He shall not raise either foot until in the act of delivering the ball to the bat, nor make more than one step in such delivery. Rule 31. A Fairly Delivered Ball. A fairly delivered ball is a ball pitched or thrown to the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and facing the batsman ; that passes over any portion of the 94 SCICNCE OF BASEBALL home base before touching the ground, not lower than the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder. For every such fairly delivered ball, the umpire shall call one strike. Rule 32. An Unfairly Delivered Ball. An unfairly delivered ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and facing the batsman, that does not pass over any portion of the home base between the batsman's shoulder and knee, or that touches the ground before passing home base unless struck at by the batsman. For every un- fairly delivered ball the umpire shall call one ball. A ball that hits the ground in front of the plate is not a strike under any circumstances. Rule 33. Delaying the Game. Section i. If, after the batsman be standing in his proper position ready to strike at a pitched ball, the ball be thrown by the pitcher to any player other than the catcher when in the catcher's lines and within io feet of the home base (except in an attempt to retire a base- runner), each ball so thrown shall be called a ball. Sec. 2. The umpire shall call a ball on the pitcher each time he delays the game by failing to deliver the ball to the batsman for a longer period than 20 seconds, excepting that at the commencement of each inning, or when a pitcher relieves another, he may occupy one minute in delivering not to exceed five balls to catcher or infielder, during which time play shall be suspended. Rule 34. Balking. A balk shall be : Section I. Any motion made by the pitcher while in position to deliver the ball to the bat without deliver- ing it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base- runner, without completing the throw. Sec. 2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base to catch the base-runner without stepping directly to- ward such base, in the act of making such throw. Sec 3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. Sec. 4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher, while he is not facing the batsman. Sec 5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat by pitcher while not in position defined by Rule 30. SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 95 Sec. 6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher, so long as, in the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay the game. Sec. 7. Making any motion to pitch while standing in his position without having the ball in his possession. Sec. 8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method of de- livery, without immediately delivering the ball to the bat. Sec. 9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the catcher is standing outside the lines of the catcher's position as defined in Rule 3. If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require- ments of any section of this rule, the umpire shall call a "balk." Rule 35. Dead Ball. A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the pitcher, not struck at by the batsman, that touches any part of the batsman's person or clothing while he is standing in his position, or that before passing or getting beyond the control of the catcher touches any part of the clothing or person of the umpire while he is on foul ground. Rule 36. Ball Not in Play. In case of a foul strike, foul hit ball not legally caught, dead ball, or a fair hit ball, touching a base run- ner, the ball shall not be considered in play until it be held by the pitcher standing in his position, and the umpire shall have called "Play." Rule 37. Block Balls. Section i. A block is a batted or thrown ball that is touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in the game. Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall de- clare it, and base runners may run the bases without liability to be put out until the ball has been returned to and held by the pitcher in his position. Sec. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should retain possession of a blocked ball, or throw or kick it beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire shall call "Time" and require each base runner to stop at the base last touched by him until the ball be returned to the pitcher in his position and the umpire shall have called "Play." gb SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. THE BATTING RULES. Rule 38. The Batsman's Position. Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats- man and must take his position within the batsman's lines (as denned in Rule 18) in the order that his name appears in his team's batting list. Bale 39. The Order of Batting. The batting order of each team must be delivered before the game by its captain to the umpire, who shall submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other side. The batting order delivered to the umpire must be followed throughout the game, unless a player be substituted for another, in which case the substitute must take the place in the batting order of the retired player. Rule 40. The First Batsman in an Inning. After the first inning the first striker in each inning shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who completed his "time at bat" in the preceding inning. Rule 41. Flayers belong on Bench. When a side goes to the bat its players must immedi- ately seat themselves on the bench assigned to them as defined in Rule 21, and remain there until their side is put out, except when called to the bat or to act as coach- ers or substitute base runners. Rule 43. Reserved for Umpire, Catcher and Batsman. No player of the side "at bat," except the batsman, shall occupy any portion of the space within the catch- er's lines as defined in Rule 3. The triangular space back of the home base is reserved for the exclusive use of the umpire, catcher and batsman, and the umpire must prohibit any player of the side "at bat" from crossing the same at any time while the ball is in the hands pi the pitcher or catcher or passing between them while standing in their positions. Rule 43. Fielder has Right of Way. The players of the side at bat must speedily abandon their bench and hasten to another part of the field when by remaining upon or near it they or any of them would SCIENCE or BASEBALL 97 interfere with a fielder in an attempt to catch or handle a thrown or a batted ball. Rule 44. A Fair Hit. A fair hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first base or between home and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding to the outfield past first or third base, or that first falls on fair territory beyond first or third base or that touches the person of the umpire or a player while on fair ground. Rule 45. A Foul Hit. A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first base or home and third base, or that bounds past first or third base on foul territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first or third base or touches the person of the umpire or a player while on foul ground. Rule 46. A Foul Tip. A foul tip is a ball batted by the batsman while stand- ing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is legally caught. Rule 47. A Buut Hit. A bunt hit is a legally batted ball not swung at but met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield by the batsman. If the attempted bunt results in a foul not legally caught a strike shall be called by the umpire. Rule 48. Balis Batted Outside the Ground. Section i. When a batted ball passes outside the ground or into a stand the umpire shall decide it fair or foul according to whether the point at which it leaves the playing field is on fair or foul territory. Sec. 2. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence or into a stand shall entitle the batsman to a home run unless it should pass out of the ground or into a stand at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five (235) feet from the home base, in which case the batsman shall be entitled to two bases only. The point at which a fence or stand is less than 235 feet from the home base shall be plainly indicated by a white or black sign or mark for the umpire's guidance. 98 SCIENCC OP BASEBALL Rule 49. Strikes. A strike is: Section i. A pitched ball struck at by the batsman without its touching' his bat; or, Sec. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher at which the batsman does not strike. Sec 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless the batsman has two strikes. Sec. 4. An attempt to bunt which results in a foul legally caught. Sec. 5. A pitched ball, at which the batsman strikes but misses and which touches any part of his person. Sec. 6. A foul tip, held by the catcher, while stand- ing within the lines of his position. Rule 50. Foul Strike. A "Foul Strike" is a ball batted by the batsman when either or both of his feet is upon the ground outside the lines of the batsman's position. Rule 51. When Batsman Is Out. The batsman is out: Section i. If he fails to take his position at the bat in the order in which his name appears on the batting list unless the error be discovered and the proper batsman replace him before a time "at bat" is recorded, in which case the balls and strikes called must be counted in the time "at bat" of the proper batsman. But only the proper batsman shall be declared out, and no runs shall be scored or bases run because of any act of the im- proper batsman. Provided, this rule shall not be en- forced unless the out be declared before the ball be de- livered to the succeeding batsman. Should the batsman declared out under this section be the third hand out, and his side be thereby put out, the proper batsman in the next inning shall be the player who would have come to bat had the players been put out by ordinary play in the preceding inning. Sec. 2. If he fail to take his position within one min- ute after the umpire has called for the batsman. Sec. 3. If he make a foul hit other than a foul tip, as defined in Rule 46, and the ball be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the ground; provided, it SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 99 be not caught in a fielder's cap, protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or strike some object other than a fielder before being caught. Sec. 4. If he make a foul strike, as defined in Rule 50. Sec. 5. If he attempt to hinder the catcher from field- ing or throwing the ball by stepping outside the lines of the batsman's position, or in any way obstructing or in- terfering with that player. Sec. 6. If, while first base be occupied by a base run- ner, three strikes be called on him by the umpire, unless two men are already out. Sec. 7. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball touch any part of the batsman's person, in which case base runners occupying bases shall not advance, as pre- scribed in Rule 55, Section 5. Sec. 8. If, before two hands are out, while first and second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, he hit a fly ball, other than a line drive, that can be handled by an infielder. In such case the umpire shall, as soon as the ball be hit, declare it an infield or outfield hit. Sec. 9. If the third strike be called in accordance with Rule 49, Section 5. Batsman Must Obey Call. Sec. 10. The moment a batsman's term at bat ends, the umpire shall call for the batsman next in order to leave his seat on the bench and take his position at the bat, and no player of the batting side shall leave his seat on the bench until so called, except to become a coacher or substitute base runner, to take the place of a player on his team's batting list to comply with the umpire's order. The batsman shall be declared out if he steps from one batsman's box to the other after the pitcher has taken his position in the pitcher's box. BASE-RUNNING RULES Rule 52. Legal Order of Bases. The Base Runner must touch each base in legal order, viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases; and when obliged to return while the ball is in play, must retouch the base or bases in reverse order. He can only acquire the right to a base by touching it, before having been put out, and shall then be entitled to hold such base 100 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL until he has legally touched the next base in order, or has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding base runner. However, no base runner shall score a run to count in the game ahead of the base runner pre- ceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- ceding base runner who has not been put out in that inning. Rule 53. When the Batsman Becomes a Base Runner. The batsman becomes a base runner: Section i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. Sec. 2. Instantly after "Four Balls" have been called by the umpire. Sec. 3. Instantly after "Three Strikes" have been de- clared by the umpire. Sec. 4. If, without making any attempt to strike at the ball, his person or clothing be hit by a pitched ball unless, in the opinion of the umpire, he plainly makes no effort to get out of the way of the pitched ball. Sec. 5. If the catcher interfere with him in or pre- vent him from striking at a pitched ball. Rule 54. Entitled to Bases. The base runner shall be entitled, without liability to be put out, to advance a base in the following cases : Section i. If, while the batsman, he becomes a base runner by reason of "four balls" or for being hit by a pitched ball, or for being interfered with by the catcher in striking at a pitched ball. Sec. 2. If, while a batsman, a fair hit ball strike the person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner on fair ground. Sec. 3. If the umpire awards to a succeeding batsman a base on four balls, or for being hit by a pitched ball, or being interfered with by the catcher in striking at a pitched ball and the base runner be thereby forced to vacate the base held by him. Sec. 4. If the umpire call a "Balk." Sec. 5. If a ball delivered by the pitcher pass the catcher and touch the umpire or any fence or building within ninety (90) feet of the home base. Sec. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by the obstruction of a fielder, unless the latter have the ball in his hand ready to touch the base runner. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL *»* Sec. 7. If the fielder stop or catch a batted ball with his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, while detached from its proper place on his person. Rule 55. Returning to Bases. The base runner shall return to his base without lia- bility to be put out: Section i. If the umpire declare any foul not legally caught by a fielder. Sec. 2. If the umpire declares a foul strike. Sec. 3. If the umpire declares a dead ball, unless it be also the fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to take the next base, as provided in Rule 54, Section 2. Sec. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire inter- fere with the catcher in an attempt to throw or the um- pire be struck by a ball thrown by the catcher or other fielder to intercept a base runner. Sec. 5. If a pitched ball at which the batsman strikes, but misses, touch any part of the batsman's person. Sec. 6. In any and all of these cases the base runner is not required to touch the intervening bases in return- ing to the base he is legally entitled to. Rule 56. When Base Runners Are Out. The base runner is out: Section i. If, after three strikes have been declared against him while the batsman, the third strike ball be not legally caught, and he plainly attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding the ball. Sec. 2. If, having made a fair hit while batsman, such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a fielder be- fore touching the ground or any object other than a fielder ; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's hat, cap, protector, pocket or other part of his uniform. Sec. 3. If, when the umpire has declared "Three Strikes" on him while the batsman, the third strike ball be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the ground; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's cap, protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or touch some object other than a fielder before being caught. Sec. 4. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be touched with the ball in the hand of a fielder before he shall have touched first base. SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. Sec. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be securely held by a fielder while touching first base with any part of his person before such base runner touch first base. Sec. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance from home base to first base, while the ball is being fielded to first base, he run outside the three-foot lines, as defined in Rule 7, unless he do so to avoid a fielder attempting to field a batted ball. Sec 7. If, in running from first to second base, from second to third base, or from third to home base, he run more than three feet from a direct line between a base and the next one in regular or reverse order to avoid being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder. But in case a fielder be occupying a base runner's proper path in attempting to field a batted ball, then the base runner shall run out of direct line to the next base and behind said fielder and shall not be declared out for so doing. "Sec. 8. If he fail to avoid a fielder attempting to field a batted ball, in the manner described in sections 6 and 7 of this rule, or in any way obstruct a fielder in attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally inter- fere with a thrown ball; provided, that if two or more fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base run- ner come in contact with one or more of them, the um- pire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the bene- fit of this rule, and shall not decide the base runner out for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one the, umpire determines to be entitled to field such batted ball. Sec. 9. If at any time while the ball is in play, he be touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder^ unless some part of his person be touching the base he is entitled to occupy; provided, however, that the ball be held by the fielder after touching him, unless the base runner delib- erately knock it out of his hand. Sec 10. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a foul tip as defined in Rule 46) be legally caught by a fielder, such ball be legally held by a fielder on the base occupied by the base runner when such baH was batted, or the base runner be touched with the ball in the hands of a fielder, before he retouch such base after such fair or foul hit ball was so caught ; provided, that the base run- ner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 103 legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the pitcher before the fielder hold it on said base, or touch base runner out. with it; but if base runner, in attempt- ing to reach a base, detach it from its fastening before being touched or forced out, he shall be declared safe. Sec. 11. If, when the batsman becomes a base runner, the first base, or the first and second bases, or the first, second and third bases be occupied, any base runner so occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, and may be put out at the next base in the same manner as in running to first base, or by being touched with the ball in the hands of a fielder at any time before any base runner following him in the batting order be put out, unless the umpire should decide the hit of the batsman to be an infield fly. Sec. 12. If a fair hit ball strike him before touching a fielder, and, in such case, no base shall be run unless necessitated by the batsman becoming a base runner, but no run shall be scored or any other base runner put out until the umpire puts the ball back into play. Sec. 13. If, when advancing bases, or forced, to re- turn to a base, while the ball is in play, he fail to touch the intervening base or bases, if any, in the regular or reverse order, as the case may be, he may be put out by the ball being held by a fielder on any base he failed to touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder in the same manner as in running to first base; provided, that the base runner shall not be out in such case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher be- fore the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base runner with it. Sec. 14. If, when the umpire call "Play," after the suspension of a game, he fail to return to and touch the base he occupied when "Time" was called before touch- ing the next base ; provided, the base runner shall not be out, in such case, if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher, before the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base runner with it. Sec 15. If with one or no one out and a base runner on third base, the batsman interferes with a play being made at home plate. Sec. 16. If he pass a base runner who is caught be- tween two bases, he shall be declared out immediately upon passing the preceding base runner. I ©4 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Overrunning First Base. Sec. 17. The base runner in running to first base may overrun said base after touching it in passing without incurring liability to be out for being off said base, provided he return at once and retouch the base, after which he may be put out as at any other base. If, after overrunning first base, he turn in the direction of or at- tempt to run to second base, before returning to first base, he shall forfeit such exemption from liability to be put out. Sec. 18. If, before two hands are out and while third base is occupied, the coacher stationed near that base shall run in the direction of home base on or near the base line while a fielder is making or trying to make a play on a batted ball not caught on the fly, or on a thrown ball, and thereby draws a throw to home base, the base runner entitled to third base shall be declared out by the umpire for the coacher's interference with and, prevention of the legitimate play. If one base runner passes another on the paths, the runner so passing shall be declared out. Sec. 19. If one or more members of the team at bat stand or collect at or around a base for which a base runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side and adding to the difficulty of making such play, the base runner shall be declared out for the interference of his team-mate or team-mates. Sec. 20. If he touch home base before a base runner preceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- ceding base runner, lose his right to third base. Sec. 21. If with one or none out and a runner on third base, the batsman interferes with the catcher, the base runner shall be declared out. Rule 57. "When Umpire Shall Declare an Out. The umpire shall declare the batsman or base run- ner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, in all cases where such player be put out in accordance with any of these rules, except Sections 13 and 17 of Rule 56. Rule 58. Coaching Rules. The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base runner, and then only in words of assistance and direc- tion in running bases. He shall not, by words or signs, incite or try to incite the spectators to demonstrations, SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 105 and shall not use language which will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club, the umpire or the spectators. Not more than two coach- ers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at bat, shall be allowed to occupy the space between the players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the other near third base, to coach base runners. If there be more than the legal number of coachers or this rule be violated in any respect the captain of the opposite side may call the attention of the umpire to the offense, and thereupon the umpire must order the illegal coacher or coachers to the bench, and if his order be not obeyed within one minute, the umpire shall assess a fine of $5.00 against each offending player, and upon a repetition of the offense, the offending player or players shall be de- barred from further participation in the game, and shall leave the playing field forthwith. Rule 59. The Scoring of Runs. One run shall be scored every time a base runner, after having legally touched the first three bases, shall legally touch the home base before three men are put out; provided, however, that if he reach home on or during a play in which the third man be forced out or be put out before reaching first base, a run shall not count. A force-out can be made only when a base run- ner legally loses the right to the base he occupies and is thereby obliged to advance as the result of a fair hit ball not caught on the fly. UMPIRE AND HIS DUTIES Rule 60. Power to Enforce Decisions. The umpire is the representative of the League and as such is authorized and required to enforce each sec- tion of this code. He shall have the power to order a player, captain or manager to do or omit to do any act which in his judgment is necessary to give force and effect to one or all of these rules and to inflict penalties for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. Rule 61. There shall be no appeal from any decision of the um- pire on the ground that he was not correct in his con- clusion as to whether a batted ball was fair or foul, a base runner safe or out, a pitched ball a strike or ball, io6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL or on any other play involving accuracy of judgment, and no decision rendered by him shall be reversed, ex- cept that he be convinced that it is in violation of one of these rules. The captain shall alone have the right to protest against a decision and seek its reversal on a claim that it is in conflict with a section of these rules. Rule 62. Must Not Question Decisions. Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dis- pute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision. Rule 63. Clubs Cannot Change Umpire. The umpire cannot be changed during a champion- ship game by the consent of the contesting clubs unless the official in charge of the field be incapacitated from service by injury or illness. Rule 64. Penalties for "Violations of the Rules. In all cases of violation of these rules, by either a player or manager, the penalty for the first offense shall be a fine by the umpire of $5.00, and, for a second offense, prompt removal of the offender from the game or grounds, followed by a period of such suspension from actual service in the club as the president of the League may fix. Rule 65. Umpire to Report Violations of the Rules. The umpire shall, within twelve hours after fining or removing a player from the game, forward to the presi- dent a report of the penalty inflicted and the cause. Rule 66. Immediately upon being informed by the umpire that a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or player, the president shall notify the person so fined and also the club of which he is a member ; and, in the event of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the sec- retary of the League the amount of said fine within five days after notice, he shall be debarred from participat- ing in any championship game or from sitting on a players' bench during the progress of a championship game until such fine be paid. Rule 67. When the offense of the player debarred from the game be of a flagrant nature, such as the use of obscene language or an assault upon a player or umpire, the um- SCIENCE Or BASEBALL pire shall within four hours thereafter forward to the president of the League full particulars. Rule 68. Warning to Captains. The umpire shall notify both captains before the game, and in the presence of each other, that all the playing rules will be strictly and impartially enforced, and warn them that failure on their part to co-operate in such en- forcement will result in offenders being fined, and, if necessary to preserve discipline, debarred from the game. Rule 69. On Ground Rules. Before the commencement of a game the umpire shall see that the rules governing all the materials of the game are strictly observed. He shall ask the captain of the home club whether there are any special ground rules, and if there be _ he shall acquaint himself with them, advise the captain of the visiting team of their scope and see that each is duly enforced, provided that it does not conflict with any of these rules. Rule 70. Official Announcements. The umpire shall call "Play" at the hour appointed for the beginning of a game, announce "Time" at its legal interruption and declare "Game" at its legal termination. Rule 71. Suspension of Play. The umpire shall suspend play for the following causes: i. If rain fall so heavily as to cause the spectators on the open field and open stands to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the time o'f suspension, and should rain fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he shall terminate the game. 2. In case of an accident which incapacitates him or a player from service in the field, or in order to remove from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extraor- dinary circumstances. Rule 72. Call of Time. In suspending play from any legal cause the umpire shall call "Time" ; when he calls "Time," play shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the interim no player shall be put out, base be run or run be scored. "Time" shall not be called by the umpire until ioS SCIENCE OF BASEBALL the ball be held by the pitcher while standing in his position. Rule 73. Decisions on Balls and Strikes. The umpire shall call and count as a "ball" any unfair ball delivered by the pitcher to the batsman. He shall also call and count as a "strike" any fairly delivered ball which passes over any portion of the home base, and within the batsman's legal range, as denned in Rule 31, whether struck at or not by the batsman; or a foul tip which is caught by the catcher standing within the lines of his position, within 10 feet of the home base; or which, after being struck at and not hit, strike the per- son of the batsman ; or when the ball be bunted foul by the batsman ; or any foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless the batsman has two strikes, provided, however, that a pitched ball shall not be called or counted a "ball" or "strike" by the umpire until it has passed the home plate. Rule 74. If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and jurisdic- tion shall extend to all points ; and he shall be permitted to take his stand in any part of the field that in his opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties. If two umpires be assigned to a game, they shall decide be- tween themselves what plays each shall pass on. Rule 75. Field Rules. No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field during the progress of a game except the players in uni- form, the manager of each side, the umpire, such officers of the law as may be present in uniform, and such watchmen of the home club as may be necessary to pre- serve the peace. Rule 76. No manager, captain or player shall address the spec- tators during a game except in reply to a request for information about the progress or state of the game. Rule 77. Every club shall furnish sufficient police force to pre- serve order upon its own grounds, and in the event of a crowd entering the field during the progress of a game, and interfering with the play in any manner, the visit- ing club may refuse to play until the field be cleared. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL If the field be not cleared within 15 minutes thereafter, the visiting club may claim and shall be entitled to the game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what number of innings has been played). Rule 78. General Definitions. "Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game or to resume it after its suspension. Rule 79. "Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play. Such suspension must not extend beyond the day. Rule 80. "Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the game is terminated. Rule 81. "An inning" is the term at bat of the nine players representing a club in a game and is completed when three of such players have been legally put out. Rule 82. "A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a batsman. It begins when he takes his position, and continues until he is put out or becomes a base runner. But a time at bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a pitched ball or on called balls or when he makes a sacri- fice hit, or for interference by the catcher. Rule 83. "Legal" or "Legally" signifies as required by these rules. * THE SCORING RULES Rule 84. To promote uniformity in scoring championship games the following instructions are given and suggestions and definitions made for the guidance of scorers, and they are required to make all scores in accordance therewith. Rule 85. The Batsman's Record. Section i. The first item in the tabulated score, after the player's name and position, shall be the number of times he has been at bat during the game, but the ex- ceptions made in Rule 82 must not be included. Sec. 2. In the second column shall be set down the runs, if any, made by each player. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL Sec. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first base hits, if any, made by each player. The Scoring of Base Hits. Sec. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following cases : When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders. When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by a fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover him- self in time to field the ball to first before the striker reaches that base or to force out another base runner. When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or pitcher that he cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force out a base runner. In a case of doubt over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and the fielder exempted from the charge of an error. When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force out a base runner. In all cases where a base runner is retired by being hit by a batted ball, unless batted by himself, the batsman should be credited with a base hit. When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the umpire, as defined in Rule 54, Section 2. In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base run- ner is forced out by the play. Sacrifice Hits. Sec. 5. In the fourth column shall be placed the sac- rifice hits. A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who. when no one is out or when but one man is out, ad- vances a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in the batsman being put out before reaching first, or would so result if it were handled without error. Fielding Records. SEC. 6. A sacrifice hit shall also be credited to a batsman who, when no one is out or when but one man is out hits a fly ball that is caught, but results in a run being scored. This rule will produce higher batting averages for the team worker and is framed so that justice may be done to the man who works for his side. BILL, DONOVAN, DETROIT AMERICANS. H2 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. who would have made the play but for the action of the base runner or the announcement of the umpire. Sec. 7. The number of times, if any, each player assists in putting out an opponent shall be set down in the sixth column. An assist should be given to each player who handles the ball in aiding in a run out or any other play of the kind, except the one who com- pletes it. An assist should be given to a player who makes a play in time to put a runner out, even if the player who could complete the play fail, through no fault of the assisting player. And generally an assist should be given to each player who handles or assists in any manner in handling the ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, and in such a way that a put-out results, or would result if no error were made by a team-mate. Assists should be credited to every player who handles the ball in the play which results in a base runner being called "out" for interference or for running out of line. Errors. Sec. 8. An error shall be given in the seventh col- umn for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of the batsman or allows a base runner to make one or more bases when perfect play would have insured his being put out. But a wild pitch, a base on balls, a base awarded to a batsman by being struck by a pitched ball, an illegal pitch, a balk and a passed ball, each of which is a battery and not a fielding error, shall not be in- cluded in the seventh column. An error shall not be charged against the catcher for a wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base, unless the base runner advance an extra base because of the error. An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unless the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained. In case a base runner advance a base through the failure of a baseman to stoo or trv to stop a ball accu- rately thrown to his base, he shall be charged with an error and not the player who made such throw, pro- vided there were occasion for it. If such throw be made SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. "3 to second base the scorer shall determine whether the second baseman or shortstop shall be charged with an error. Stolen Bases. Sec. i. A stolen base shall be credited to the base runner whenever he advances a base unaided by a base hit, a put-out, a fielding or a battery error. Rule 86. The Summary shall contain: Section i. The score made in each inning of the game and the total runs of each side in the game. Sec. 2. The number of stolen bases, if any, by each player. Sec. 3. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by each player. Sec. 4. The number of three-base hits, if any, made by each player. Sec. 5. The number of home runs, if any, made by each player. Sec. 6. The number of double and triple plays, if any, made by each side and the names of the players as- sisting in the same. Sec. 7. The number of innings each pitcher pitched in. Sec. 8. The number of base hits, if any, made off each pitcher. Sec. 9. The number of times, if any, the pitcher strikes out the opposing batsmen. Sec. 10. The number of times, if any, the pitcher gives bases on balls. Sec. 11. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged to the pitcher. Sec. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher hits a batsman with a pitched ball. Sec. 13. The number of passed balls by each catcher. Sec. 14. The time of the game. Sec. 15. The name of the umpire. RULES FOR POST-SEASON CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES. Sec. i. The pennant-winning club of the National League and the pennant-winning club of the American League shall meet annually in a series of games for the professional baseball championship of the world. Sec. 2. The emblem of the professional baseball championship of the world shall be a silver cup of suit- able size and appropriate design, jointly contributed by the two leagues. Sec. 3. The games shall be played under the super- vision, control and direction of the National Commis- sion. Sec. 4. The event shall take place at the end of the championship season of each year. Seven game's shall constitute a complete series. Sec. 5. The games shall be conducted according to the playing rules as provided for by the National Agreement. Sec. 6. The National Commission shall promulgate schedule for the event. Three games shall be scheduled in each of the cities of the contesting clubs, unless the commission should otherwise decide. In case it be- comes necessary to play the seventh game to decide the event, the commission shall determine the city in which the game is to be played. Sec. 7. The clubs entitled to contest for the world's honor shall be represented by the Presidents of their respective leagues and clubs. The Secretary of the National Commission will be .required to notify all of the players of the contesting teams that they will be held amenable by the commission to all rules governing baseball and will be subject to discipline regardless of contracts. Sec. 8. The clubs shall continue to play, each day according to the authorized schedule until one of them WILLIE KEELER, NEW YORK AMERICANS. «6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL has won four games, when the contest shall end, and the club winning shall be entitled to hold the emblem of the world's championship during the ensuing base- ball season. Sec. 9. The National Commission shall reserve to itself the right to terminate the series at any time that it deems the interest of baseball demands it, and to declare one of the contesting clubs the winner of the championship regardless of previous performances. Sec. 10. Each of the clubs participating in the event shall guarantee to the National Commission in such manner as the latter may prescribe, that they will faith- fully carry out all of the provisions of these rules and regulations and such others as the commission may hereafter make to govern the games, and that they will not exercise an arbitrary right or privilege of abandoning the series until it has been completed or the championship determined. Sec. 11. There shall be two umpires who shall be invested with the authority and discretion that the play- ing rules confer, and they shall observe the same gen- eral instructions with reference to maintaining order and discipline upon the ball field during these con- tests that govern them in the performance of their duties in all other games in their respective leagues. Sec. 12. The President of the National League and the President of the American League shall each select one umpire from their respective leagues, and the um- pires so chosen shall be assigned to duty and be sub- ject to the orders of the Chairman of the National Commission. Sec. 13. The compensation of the umpires shall be fixed by the National Commission. Sec. 14. The expenses of the National Commission pertaining to these games, the salaries of the umpires, and other miscellaneous and contingent expenses in connection therewith, shall be paid out of the funds to be received by the commission from these games. Should these funds prove insufficient to this purpose, the bal- ance shall be paid out of the regular funds of the com- mission, and should there be a surplus in these funds it shall be credited each year to the regular funds of the commission. All other expenses of both clubs. BROWN, CHICAGO NATIONALS. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL such as hotel bills and traveling expenses, balls, adver- tising, policing of grounds, ticket sellers and takers, incidentals, etc., shall be paid by the club incurring the same. Should any difference arise at any time as to the latter expense, the same shall be submitted to the commission for adjudication and its finding shall be conclusive. Sec. 15. Each contesting club shall preserve its con- stitutional rights during games played upon its own grounds with reference to the conduct of its business affairs in connection therewith, but the visiting club shall also be allowed its inherent rights and whatever representation and facilities it may require to properly protect the interests of the club and its players. _ Sec. 16. The rates of admission and the condi- tions governing the same shall be fixed by and be under the control of the National Commission. Sec. 17. The receipts from the games shall be di- vided as follows : 1. Ten per cent, of the gross receipts from all games shall be paid to the National Commission. 2. — per cent, of the balance, from the first four games shall form a pool for the players of the two teams, to be divided 75 per cent, to the winner and 25 per cent, to the loser of the contest. 3. After the 10 per cent, deductions for the com- mission and the two leagues from all the games and that which forms the players' pool from the first four games, the balance of the gross receipts shall be divided equally between the two clubs. 4. The amount to be paid into the players' pool as provided by this section shall be paid to the com- mission, and the same shall be distributed to the players through the Secretary of the commission. Sec. 18. In the event that the schedule for a world's championship series extends beyond the player's con- tract season, then the salaries of the players who prop- erly belong to the pennant-winning clubs shall _ con- tinue, at the contract rate, to the end of the series of games scheduled, although only four or more games be played. Sec. 19. The free list shall be suspended during the SCIENCE OF BASEBALL contest except to representatives of the press and club officials of the two leagues. Sec. 20. The winning team shall receive a pennant and the individual players suitable trophies emblematic of the championship. Sec. 21. All questions arising out of the playing for the world's championship not provided for herein nor covered by the playing rules shall be dealt with and decided by the National Commission. Sec. 22. All clubs of both leagues, whether holding the cup or challenging for it, hereby agree absolutely to conform strictly to all the articles of these rules, and in any cases not herein provided for, to conform to the decisions of the National Commission. Sec. 23. These same rules may apply to all other games played between National and American League clubs upon application being made to the National Com- mission, except as to the division of the receipts ex- clusive of the amount to be paid to the National Com- mission and the two leagues, which shall be mutually agreed upon between the clubs participating in such games, provided, all players shall be paid at their con- tract prices for all games of this character that they are obliged to play after the expiration of their con- tracts. Sec. 24. After the adoption of this agreement by the National and American Leagues copies of the same shall be prepared by the respective leagues and sent to the President of each club, who shall, on or before the 10th of March of each year, mail a copy to each player of his club. SCIENCE OF BASEBALL National League Record for Pitts. Chic. N.Y. Cin. Phil. Bkln. St.L. Bos. Won. P.C. Pittsburg..... 13 11 15 15 18 18 20 110 724 Chicago.., 9 11 16 16 16 15 21 104 680 New York 11 11 13 12 15 16 14 92 601 Cincinnati ,. . 7 6 9 9 17 12 17 77 504 Philadelphia..... 7 6 10 12 11 16 12 74 484 Brooklyn.. . 4 5 7 5 11 12 11 55 359 St. Louis 3 7 5 10 6 10 13 54 355 Boston 1 1 8 5 10 11 9 45 294 Games Lost... . 42 49 61 76 79 98 98 108 611 Winners oe Previous Years. Year. Champion Clubs. Won. 1893. Boston 86 1894 .Baltimore 89 1895 Baltimore 87 1896 Baltimore 90 1897 .Boston 93 1898 Boston 102 1899 Brooklyn 101 1900 Brooklyn 82 19C1 Pittsburg 89 1902 Pittsburg 103 1903 Pittsbur- 91 1904 New York 106 1905 New York, 105 1906 Chicago .. 116 1907 ........Chicago 107 1908 Chicago ... 98 1909.... Pittsburg 110 Lost. 44 P.C. Cx,ub Batting Club G. A B. Pittsburg 154 5129 New York 157 5218 Cincinnati .157 5088 Chicago 155 4999 Philadelphia 154 5034 St. Louis 154 5108 Brooklyn 155 5056 Boston. 155, 5017 R. H. PC 701 1332 .259 622 1327 .254 606 1273 .250 632 1227 .245 515 1228 .244 583 1242 .243 442 1157 .228 428 1121 .223 RECORDS FOR SEASON 1909 NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Players and Clubs. a w Wagner, Pittsburg 137 495 92 168 .339 Mitchell, Cincinnati 145 523 83 162 .310 Seymour, New York 73 280 £7 87 .310 Hoblitzell, Cincinnati 142 517 59 159 .308 Wheat, Brooklyn 26 1C2 15 31 .304 Doyle, New York" 144 570 86 172 .3C2 Snodgrass. New York ,. 22 70 10 21 .300 Hyatt, Pittsburg 49 67 9 20 .299 Bridwell, New York 143 476 59 140 .294 Bransfield, Philadelphia 138 527 47 154 .292 Bates, Philadelphia 133 502 70 146 .291 McCormick, New York 110 413 68 120 .290 Clarke, Pittsburg 152 550 97 158 .287 Konetchy, St. Louis 152 576 88 165 .286 Hofman, Chicago 153 527 60 150 .285 Hulswitt, St. Louis 77 289 21 81 .280 Hummell, Brooklyn , ... 145 542 54 152 .280 J. B. Miller, Pittsburg 150 560 71 156 .279 Myers, New York 64 220 15 61 .277 Egan, Cincinnati 126 480 59 132 .275 Zimmerman, Chicago 47 183 23 50 .273 C. Wilson, Pittsburg 154 569 64 155 .273 Jordan, Brooklyn 95 330 47 90 .273 Chance, Chicago 92 324 53 88 .271 Burch, Brooklyn 152 601 80 163 .271 Storke, Pittsburg-St. Louis 80 292 23 79 .271 Magee, Philadelphia 143 522 60 141 .270 Titus, Philadelphia 149 540 69 146 .270 Oak es. Cincinnati 67 415 55 112 .270 Grant, Philadelphia 154 631 75 170 .269 Ellis, St. Louis 145 575 76 154 .268 Ward, Philadelphia 63 184 21 49 .266 Devlin, New York.... 143 491 61 130 .265 Gibson, Pittsburg 150 510 42 125 .265 Schulte, Chicago 140 538 57 142 .264 Beaumont, Boston Ill 407 35 107 .263 Thomas, Boston 77 281 36 74 .263 Murray, New York 149 570 74 150 .263 Mathewson, New York 37 95 9 25 .263 Evers, Chicago 126 463 88 122 .263 Lenox, Brooklyn 121 435 33 114 .262 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL National League Batting Averages— continued. Leach, Pittsburg 151 587 126 Deininger, Philadelphia 46 169 22 Abstein, Pittsburg 135 512 51 Evans, St. Louis 143 498 67 McLean, Cincinnati 95 324 26 Tinker, Chicago 143 516 56 Harmon, St. Louis 21 51 3 Sheckard, Chicago 148 525 81 W. Miller, Cincinnati 40 169 19 Clement, Brooklyn 89 343 35 Steinfeldt, Chicago 151 528 73 Paskert, Cincinnati 88 322 49 Lumley, Brooklyn 52 172 13 Shaw, St. Louis 92 331 45 Phelps, St. Louis 83 306 43 Alperman, Brooklyn 108 420 35 Becker, Boston 152 562 60 Schlei. New York 89 279 25 Crandall, New York 30 41 4 Bresnahan, St. Louis 69 234 27 Sweeney, Boston 138 493 45 Shean, Philadelphia-Boston 101 379 46 Bescher, Cincinnati 117 446 73 Graham, Boston 81 267 27 Lush, St. Louis 45 92 11 Roth, Chicago 52 147 12 Charles, Cincinnati 112 382 36 O'Hara, New York Ill 360 48 Tenny, New York 98 375 43 Knabe, Philadelphia Ill 402 40 Dahlen, Boston 57 197 22 Downey, Cincinnati 119 416 39 Barbeau, Pittsburg and St. Louis 129 525 83 Archer, Chicago 80 261 31 Abby, Pittsburg 23 87 13 Overall, Chicago 38 96 7 Hunter, Brooklyn 39 123 8 Byrne, St. Louis-Pittsburg 151 589 92 Dooin, Philadelphia 140 468 42 Maddox, Pittsburg 31 67 6 Getz, Boston 40 148 6 Bliss, St. Louis 3^ 113 12 Doolan, Philadelphia 147 493 39 Moran, Chicago 74 246 18 Starr, Philadelphia 62 219 16 Pletcher, New York 29 98 7 Delehanty, St. Louis Ill 411 28 153 .261 44 .2ti0 133 .260 129 .259 83 .256 132 .256 13 .255 134 .255 43 .255 87 .254 133 .252 81 .251 43 .250 82 .243 76 .248 104 .248 138 .245 68 .244 10 .244 57 .244 120 .243 92 .243 107 .240 64 .239 22 .239 35 .238 91 .238 85 .236 88 .235 94 .234 46 .233 96 .231 121 .231 60 .230 20 .230 22 .229 28 .228 133 .226 105 .224 15 .224 33 .223 25 .221 1C8 .219 54 .219 48 .219 21 .214 88 .214 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 123 National League Batting Averages— continued. Huggins, Cincinnati 46 159 18 34 .213 Lobert, Cincinnati 122 425 50 90 .212 McMillen, Brooklyn 1C8 373 18 79 .212 Higginbotbam. Chicago 22 29 1 6 .207 Ferguson, Boston 36 73 2 15 .204 Marshall, Brooklyn 47 149 7 30 .202 Mowrey, St. Louis 43 144 13 29 .201 Wiltse, New York 37 95 10 19 .200 Murpby, St. Louis 19 60 3 12 .200 McElveen, Brooklyn 67 258 22 51 .198 Beck, Bostoc 88 334 20 66 .198 Howard, Chicago 57 203 25 40 .197 Autrey, Boston 70 232 19 45 .194 Leifield, Pittsburg 32 73 2 14 .192 Fromme, Cincinnati 37 94 8 18 .191 Merkle, New York 71 236 15 45 .191 Corridon, Philadelphia 27 59 4 11 .186 Coffee, Boston 73 257 21 48 .186 Herzog, New York 38 130 16 24 .185 Shafer, New York 31 84 11 15 .179 M. Brown, Chicago 50 125 13 22 .176 Ritchey, Boston 25 87 4 15 .172 Mclntyre, Brooklyn 32 76 9 13 .171 Pfiester, Chicago 29 65 5 11 .169 H. Smith, Boston 31 113 9 19 .168 Mattern, Boston. 47 101 4 17 .168 Beebe, St. Louis 44 108 4 18 .167 Bell, Brooklyn 33 90 5 15 .166 Marquard, New York 29 54 3 8 .148 Raymond. New York 39 89 4 13 .146 Reulbach, Chicago , 35 86 3 12 .140 Bergen, Brooklyn 112 346 16 48 .139 Camnitz, Pittsburg 41 87 8 12 .138 Stanley, Chicago 16 52 4 7 .135 C. Brown. Boston 25 57 4 7 .123 Gaspar, Cincinnati 44 82 3 10 .122 NATIONAL LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name of Club. G. PO. A. E. F. Av. *Leever, Pittsburg 19 0 23 0 1.000 H. Camnitz. Pittsburg 41 9 63 2 .973 MatbewRon, New York 37 19 96 4 .966 Adams, Pittsburg 25 1 33 3 .919 M. Brown, Chicago 50 18 83 3 .971 Higginbotham. St. Louis-Chicago 22 4 17 3 .870 Pfiester, Chicago 29 6 69 2 .974 Phillippe, Pittsburg 22 6 26 0 1.000 I24 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL National League Pitching Averages— continued. Leifield, Pittsburg 32 6 53 Kroh, Chicago 17 6 37 Willis. Pittsburg 39 16 85 Reulbach, Chicago 35 15 91 Overall, Chicago 38 12 69 Wiltse, New York 37 9 62 Gasper, Cincinnati 44 2 56 Maddox, Pittsbunr 31 6 54 Corridon, Philadelphia 27 8 70 Earl Moore, Philadelphia 38 10 54 Ames, New York 34 11 99 Raymond, New York 39 8 86 Crandall, New York 30 9 39 Fromme, Cincinnati 37 7 89 W. D. Scanlon, Brooklyn 19 0 33 Moren. Philadelphia 40 8 46 Bell, Brooklyn 33 10 81 Higgins, St. Louis 16 4 20 Richie, Phila-Boston 33 8 31 Ewing, Cincinnati 31 7 42 Rowan, Cincinnati 38 7 40 Sallee, St. Louis 32 7 63 McQuillan, Philadelphia 41 8 56 Beebe, St. Louis 44 15 81 Mattern, Boston 47 21 100 Rucker. Brooklyn 38 3 67 Campbell, Cincinnati 30 3 55 Lush, St. Louis 34 9 60 Coveleskie, Philadelphia 24 6 39 Harmon, St. Louis 21 6 45 Sparks, Philadelphia 24 4 31 Charles Brown, Phila.-Boston 25 11 44 White, Boston 23 6 37 Foxen, Philadelphia 18 6 42 Mclntyre, Brooklyn 32 6 f2' Hunter, Brooklyn 16 5 31 Dubuc, Cincinnati 19 4 23 Marquard, New York 29 3 45 Backman, St. Louis 21 2 36 Wilhelm, Brooklyn 22 3 56 Ferguson, Boston 36 10 63 Moore, St. Louis-Boston 25 2 34 Lindaman, Boston 15 2 16 Raleigh, St. Louis 15 4 24 Melter. St. Louis 23 5 21 Tuokey, Boston 17 11 28 * Pitched only two complete games. 3 .952 1 .977 5 .953 5 .955 3 .964 2 .972 3 .951 2 .968 4 .951 6 .914 9 .923 9 .913 3 .941 8 .923 1 .971 5 .915 6 .938 0 1.000 4 .907 8 .860 3 .940 3 .959 0 1.000 7 .932 10 .923 4 .946 1 .983 4 .945 2 .957 3 .944 0 1.000 4 .932 6 .877 2 .960 4 .944 3 .923 5 .844 4 .923 1 .975 6 .908 5 .936 2 .947 2 .900 3 .903 0 1.000 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL American League Record for 19U9. Det. Ath. Bos. Chi. N. Y. Cle?. St.L. Wash. Won, PC Detroit .. 8 13 15 14 14 18 16 98 .645 Athletics 14 ... 11 10 14 13 14 19 95 .621 Boston 9 10 ... 13 13 14 13 16 88 .583 Chicago 6 12 9 ... 14 8 10 19 78 .513 New York. „ 8 8 9 8 ... 14 13 14 74 .490 Cleveland 8 9 8 13 8 ... 14 11 71 .464 St. Louis 3 8 7 12 3 9 ... 15 61 .407 Washington 6 3 6 3 6 11 7 ... 42 .276 Games Lost.. .. 54 58 63 74 77 32 89 110 Winners of Previous Years. 1900 Chicago... 1901 Chicago ... 1902 Athletics. 1903 Boston.... 1904 Boston.... 1905 Athletics. 1906 Chicago... 1907 Detroit.... 1908 Detroit ... 1909 Detroit ... .607 .610 .610 .659 .617 .621 .614 .613 .588 .645 Club Batting. Club G. AB. Detroit 157 5074 Boston., 152 4995 Philadelphia 153 4909 New York 153 4989 Cleveland 155 5039 St. Louis 154 4972 Washington 1.T6 4982 Chicago ; 159 5013 R. H. PC. 667 1355 267 603 1301 260 605 1255 256 500 1239 243 494 1217 242 441 1156 233 380 1112 223 492 1109 221 "6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL AMERICAN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 19C9. G. AB. R. BH. SB. PC. Cobb, Detroit 136 573 116 216 76 .377 Collins, Philadelphia 153 572 104 198 67 .346 Lapp, Philadeipnia 21 56 8 19 l 336 Gardner. New York 22 85 12 28 4 .329 Lajoie, Cleveland..... , 128 469 56 152 13 ^324 Crawford, Detroit 156 589 83 185 30 .314 Lord, Boston. 136 534 85 166 36 !311 Speaker, Boston 143 544 73 168 35 ^309 Baker, Philadelphia.... 148 541 73 165 20 .305 Laporte, New York 89 309 35 92 5 .298 Gardner, Boston. 19 37 g -Q x 297 Carrigan, Boston 94 280 27 83 2 .296 Stahl, Boston...., ;., 127 435 62 128 16 .294 Lelivelt, Washington 91 313 25 93 8 .292 Criss, St. Louis 35 48 2 14 0 .292 Birmingham, Cleveland 100 343 29 99 12 .289 Stone, St. Louis 83 310 33 89 8 .287 Heitmuller, Philadelphia 64 210 36 60 7 .286 Bailey, St. Louis , £8 77 1 22 1 .286 Dougherty, Chicago 139 491 71 140 36 .285 Gessler, Boston and Washington... 128 450 66 128 20 .284 Chase, New York 118 474 60 134 25 .283 Brockett, New York 26 60 6 17 1 .283 Hooper, Boston 81 255 29 272 15 .282 Murphy, Philadelphia 149 541 61 152 19 .281 Griggs, St. Louis 108 364 38 102 11 .280 D. Jones, Detroit 69 204 44 57 12 .279 Engle, New York 135 492 66 137 18 .278 Clarke, Cleveland 55 184 15 45 1 .274 Bush. Detroit 157 532 114 145 53 .273 Moriarty, Detroit 133 473 43 129 34 .273 Browne, Washington 103 393 40 107 13 .272 Hartzell, St. Louis 152 595 64 161 14 .271 Hartsel, Philadelphia 83 267 30 72 3 .270 Hoffman, St. Louis 130 387 44 104 24 ,26° Lord, Cleveland 69 249 26 67 10 .269 H. Davis, Philadelphia 149 530 73 142 20 .268 Sweeney, New York 67 176 19 47 3 .267 Orth, New York 22 34 3 9 1 .265 Unglaub, Washington 130 480 43 127 15 .264 Keeler, New York 99 360 44 95 10 .264 Cree, New York 104 343 48 90 10 .262 Stanage, Detroit 77 252 17 66 2 .262 Shotten, St. Louis 17 61 S 16 3 .262 Parent, Chicago 136 472 61 123 32 .261 Easterly, Cleveland.. 98 287 32 75 8 .261 Science of baseball 127 American League Batting Averages— continued. T. Jones, St. Louis and Detroit 141 490 43 127 Beckendorf, Detroit 15 27 1 7 Hinohman, Cleveland 139 457 57 118 Purtell, Chicago 103 361 34 93 Rossman, Detroit-St. Louis 84 295 16 76 Wagner. Boston 124 430 51 310 Flick. Cleveland..., 66 235 28 60 Ball, New York-Cleveland 104 353 34 89 French, Boston 51 167 13 42 Turner, Cleveland , 53 208 25 52 Blankenship, Washington 39 60 4 15 Steele. Boston 15 24 3 6 Schaefer, Detroit-Washington 124 408 39 1C1 Devoy, St. Louis 19 69 7 17 Stovall, Cleveland 145 565 60 139 Demmitt, New York , 123 427 68 105 Niles, Boston... „ 145 546 64 134 Conroy, Washingtou 139 488 44 119 Mclntyre, Detroit 125 476 65 116 Wolter, Boston , , , 54 119 14 29 Payne, Chicago. 32 82 8 20 Hemphill, New York 73 181 23 44 Donohue, Boston 64 176 14 42 Mclnnis, Pniladelphia 19 46 4 11 McConnell. Boston 121 453 59 108 Wallace, St. Louis 116 403 36 96 White, Chicago 71 189 24 45 E'.berfeld, New York 106 379 47 90 Knight, New York 116 360 46 85 Atz, Chicago 119 381 39 90 Cole, Chicago 46 165 17 39 McBride, Washington 155 504 38 118 Livingstone, Philadelphia 64 175 15 41 Altizer, Chicago 116 382 47 89 Donohue, Chicago- Washington 86 287 13 67 De!ehanty, Washington -Detroit 136 452 47 105 Austin, New York 136 437 37 101 Oldring, Philadelphia 90 326 39 75 Kleinow, New York..... 78 206 24 47 Isbell, Chicago 120 433 33 97 Schweitzer. St. Louis 27 76 7 17 Cicotte, Boston 26 49 4 !1 Perring, Cleveland 88 263 26 63 Thomas, Philadelphia 84 256 22 57 Tannehill, Chicago , 155 531 39 118 Stephens, St. Louis 79 223 18 49 Plank, Philadelphia 35 96 5 21 22 .259 0 .259 22 .258 14 .258 10 .258 18 .256 9 .255 19 .252 8 .251 14 .250 2 .250 2 .250 14 .248 4 .247 25 .246 16 .246 27 .245 24 .244 13 .244 2 .244 0 .244 10 .243 2 .239 0 .239 26 .268 7 .238 7 .238 23 .237 15 .236 14 .236 3 .236 17 .234 4 .234 27 .233 9 .233 13 .232 30 .231 17 .230 7 .228 23 .224 3 .224 .2 .224 6 .223 4 .223 12 .222 5 .220 2 .219 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL American League Batting Averages— continued. Ferris. St. Louis 148 556 36 120 11 .216 Miller, Washington 26 51 5 11 0 .216 Barry, Philadelphia 124 409 56 88 17 .215 Bender, Philadelphia 40 93 6 20 1 .215 Goode, Clevevand 94 318 33 68 13 .214 Walsh, Chicago 32 84 5 18 4 .214 Slattery, Washington 32 56 4 12 1 .214 Dysert, Philadelphia 32 42 2 9 0 .214 McAleese. St. Louis 85 267 33 57 18 .213 Street, Washington 137 407 25 86 2 .211 Nichols, Philsdelphia 21 71 10 15 0 .211 Ryan, Boston 14 19 3 4 0 .211 Chesbro, New York-Boston 10 19 2 4 0 .211 Reiley, Cleveland..... 20 62 10 13 5 .210 Schmidt, Detroit 84 253 21 53 • 7 .209 Killifer, Detroit-Washington 63 182 17 38 6 .209 Blair, New York 42 110 5 23 2 .209 Ganley, Washington-Philadelphia.. 99 337 37 70 20 .208 Yohe, Washington.. 21 72 6 15 2 .203 O'Leary, Detroit 76 261 29 53 9 .203 Mullin, Detroit 52 123 12 25 2 .203 Willett, Detroit 41 109 10 22 0 .202 Owens, Chicago 64 174 12 35 33 .201 Milan, Washington 130 400 36 80 10 .200 Stark, Cleveland 19 60 4 12 4 .200 Donovan, Detroit , 22 45 6 9 0 .200 Clymer, Washington 45 138 11 27- 7 .196 Williams, St, Louis 110 374 32 73 6 .195 Dineen, St. Louis 17 36 6 7 0 .194 Patterson, St. Louis-Chicago 18 52 2 10 1 .192 Young, Cleveland 34 105 6 20 1 .190 S. Smith, St. Louis , 17 42 3 8 0 .190 Welday, Chicago 29 74 3 14 2 .189 Bemis, Cleveland 42 123 4 23 2 .187 Bradley, Cleveland 95 334 30 62 8 .186 Hahn, Chicago........ 76 287 30 52 9 .182 Burns, Washington-Chicago 26 66 3 12 0 .182 C. Smith, Washington-Boston 26 55 0 10 0 .182 Manning, New York 26 60 5 11 0 .182 Schlitzer, Philadelphia-Boston 18 33 2 6 1 .182 AMERICAN LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. W. L. T. TO. PC. Mullin, Detroit...., 29 8 0 2 .784 Cicotte. Boston 13 5 1 3 .722 Willett, Detroit 22 9 0 8 .710 Bender, Philadelphia 18 8 0 3 .692 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL American League Pitching Averages— con Krause, Philadelphia 18 8 Summers, Detroit 19 9 Plank, Philadelphia , 19 10 Quinn, New York 9 5 Dvgert, Philadelphia 8 5 Wood. Boston 11 7 Hall, Boston., 6 4 Smith, Chicago 25 17 Walsh, Chicago 15 11 Arellanes. Boston , 16 12 Doyle, New York 8 6 L»ke, New York 14 11 Youns. Cleveland ,. 19 15 Brockett, New York 10 8 Killian, Detroit 11 9 Chech, Boston 7 6 Donovan, Detroit 8 7 White, Chicago 10 9 Falkenberer, Cleveland 10 9 Coombs, Philadelphia 12 11 Joss, Cleveland 14 13 Morgan, Boston-Philanelp:. ni 18 17 Scott, Chicago , 12 12 Pelty, St. Louis 11 11 Berger, Cleveland 13 14 Hughes, New York 7 8 Warhop, New York 13 15 Dinneen, St. Louis 6 7 Wilson. New York 5 6 Bailey, St. Louis 9 11 Waddell, St. Louis 11 14 Powell. St. Louis 12. 16 Burns, Washington-Chicago 9 13 Manning. New York 7 11 Graham, St. Louis 8 14 Rhoaries. Cleveland 5 9 Johnson, Washington 13 25 Smith. Washington-Boston... 6 12 Hushes. Washington .. 4 8 Schlitzer, Philndelphia-Boston 4 8 Gray. Washington 5 19 Groom, Washington 6 26 innue.i. 0 3 .69:2 2 3 .679 0 5 .655 0 1 .643 0 9 .615 0 5 .611 0 1 .6C0 2 1 .591 0 3 .577 0 6 .571 0 1 .571 0 3 .560 0 1 .559 0 3 .556 0 2 .550 0 4 .538 2 1 .533 1 1 .526 0 0 .526 0 5 .522 1 1 .519 0 3 .514 3 6 .500 o 2 .500 0 3 .481 0 2 .407 1 1 .4(54 0 2 .462 0 3 .455 1 1 .450 1 3 .440 0 1 .428 0 3 .409 1 4 .389 0 5 .364 0 2 .357 0 1 .342 0 2 .333 1 4 .333 0 2 .333 0 4 .208 WORLDS CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES FOR 1909. PITTSBURG NATIONALS AND DETROIT AMERICANS First Game— At Pittsburg, Oct. 8. Pittsburg, 4; Detroit, 1. Batteries- Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Rlullin and Schmidt for Detroit. Second Game— At Pittsburg, Oct. 9. Detroit, 7; Pittsburg, 2. Batteries —Donovan and Schmidt for Detroit; Camnitz, Willis and Gibson for Pittsburg. Third Game— At Detroit, Oct. 11. Pittsburg. 8; Detroit, 6. Batteries— Maddox and Gibson for Pittsburg; Summers, Willets, Works and Schmidt for Detroit. Fourth Game— At Detroit, Oct. 12. Detroit, 5; Pittsburg, 0. Batteries — Mullin and Stanage for Detroit; Leirield, Phillippe and Gibson for Pittsburg. Fifth Game— At Pittsburg:, Oct. 13. Pittsburg, 8; Detroit, 4. Batteries —Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Summera, Willets and JSchmidt for Detroit, Sixth Game— At Detroit, Oct. 14. Detroit, 5; Pittsburg, 4. Batteries — Mulfin and Schmidt for Detroit; Willis. Camnitz, Phillippe and Gibson for Pittsburg. Seventh Game— At Detroit. Oct. 16. Pittsburg, 8; Detroit, 0. Batteries —Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Donovan, Mullin and Schmidt for Detroit. ATTENDANCE AND RECEIPTS. Pittsburg, first game Pittsburg, second game Detroit, third game Detroit, fourth game Pittsburg, fifth game Detroit, sixth game Detroit, seventh game en dance. Receipts. 29,264 $40,271.50 3C,915 41,884.50 18,277 20,676.00 17,036 21,103.00 21,706 32,173.00 10.535 12,517.50 17,562 19,677.00 Totals 145.295 $188,302.50 PREVIOUS SERIES FOR THE WORLD'S CH AMPIONSHIP. 1884 Providence 1885 Chicago 1886 Chicago 1887 Detroit 1888 New York 1889 New York 1890 , Brooklyn 1903 Boston 1905 New York 1906 Americans 1907 Chicago 1908 Chicago 1909 Pittsburg SCIENCE OF BASEBALL EASTERN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. G. A B. R. H. SB. PC. Bills, Baltimore , 16 39 8 14 1 .359 Grimshaw, Toronto 124 482 56 149 12 .309 Ganzel, Rochester 119 429 42 131 11 .305 Simmons, Rochester 137 472 59 141 12 .299 Osborn, Rochester 64 238 39 71 5 ,298 Mitchell, Toronto... 109 342 24 101 15 ,295 Collins. Buffalo 31 109 8 32 7 .294 Gardner. Jersey City 95 326 37 95 9 .291 Gettman, Newark 149 561 78 162 16 .289 Strang, Baltimore.. 107 351 54 101 2 .288 Lee. Toronto 38 104 12 30 1 ,288 Hoffman, Providence 154 575 68 164 32 .285 Knotts, Buffalo- Jersey City 36 102 9 29 1 .285 Houser, Toronto 151 567 82 161 15 .234 White, Buffalo 153 568 72 159 20 .280 Yeaser, Montreal 128 490 59 137 14 .280 Kelley. Newark 156 581 79 161 40 .277 Erwin, Rochester 102 338 25 93 7 .275 Hall. Baltimore... 136 5C7 64 139 23 .274 Blackburn, Providence 121 444 52 121 32 .273 Kelley, Toronto 107 357 49 96 11 .269 Moran, Providence 154 571 92 153 58 .268 Slagle, Baltimore 115 411 69 110 24 .268 Byers, Baltimore 104 340 26 91 4 .268 Cassidy, Baltimore 86 310 29 83 10 .268 Zimmerman, Newark 46 178 20 47 7 .264 Jackson, Baltimore 137 475 68 125 23 ,263 Wolverton. Newark 108 390 37 102 9 .262 McConnell, Jersey City-Roch 25 84 9 22 0 .262 Anderson, Providence 127 467 47 122 26 .261 Kritchell, Newark-Moot 89 261 18 68 7 .261 Beecher, Rochester : 37 66 6 17 1 .258 Laritte, Providence 34 89 8 23 0 .258 Arndt, Providence 139 530 51 135 18 .255 Poland, Baltimore 100 S62 37 92 20 .255 Clarke, Baltimore 35 134 21 34 4 .253 Batch, Rochester 145 492 56 124 27 .252 Maiding. Toronto 135 472 56 119 20 .252 Meyers, Newark „ 156 519 69 130 37 .250 Pattee, Rochester 155 564 70 141 37 .250 McDonald, Rochester-Toronto.. 98 356 48 89 13 .250 Hearne, Baltimore 59 156 8 39 3 .250 Lapp, Newark 51 148 12 37 2 .250 Catiz, Baltimore 37 1C8 11 27 5 .250 Shaw, Providence 30 108 14 27 4 .250 Klinck, Buffalo 12 36 3 9 0 .250 132 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL EASTERN LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. G. W. L. R. PC. McConnell, Rochester 13 9 3 24 .750 Ragon, Rochester 9 6 2 9 .750 Cronin, Providence 33 16 8 79 .667 Barbericb, Providence,.. 37 20 11 80 .645 McGinnity, Newark 55 ■ 29 16 105 .644 Barger, Roc b ester 45 23 13 81 .639 McGinley, Toronto 40 22 13 103 .629 Beecber, Rochester 34 10 6 79 .625 Rudolph, Toronto 42 23 14 101 .622 Snyder, Rochester 22 6 4 48 .600 Schmidt, Baltimore., 8 3 2 27 .600 Sline, Providence 7 3 4 16 .600 Mueller, Newark 40 16 11 90 .593 Holmes, Rochester 39 16 11 82 .593 Pfefler, Baltimore-Toronto .. 31 14 10 77 .583 Lee, Toronto... ...... 12 4 3 32 .571 Winters, Montreal 35 15 12 92 .556 Brady, Newark..., 22 10 8 71 .556 Frill, Newan< 34 16 13 92 .552 Newton, Toronto 25 12 10 66 .545 Lafitte, Providence 33 13 11 76 .542 Malarkey, Buffalo , 31 13 11 74 .542 Henley. Rochester....! .. 23 10 9 56 .526 Adkins, Baltimore 48 21 19 137 .525 Smith, Montreal 37 15 14 123 .517 Dessau, Baltimore 44 18 17 152 .514 Vowinkle, Buffalo 42 16 16 126 .500 Merritt, Jersey City , 30 14 14 90 .500 Ford, Jersey City 32 13 13 74 .500 Goettell, Jersey City 12 3 3 32 .500 Bills. Baltimore 10 3 3 36 .500 Kissinger, Buffalo 44 18 19 100 .486 Taylor, Buffalo 39 16 18 93 .470 Flater, Newark 29 8 9 69 .470 Barry, Providence 32 11 13 65 .458 Sitton, Jersey City, ... 30 11 13 87 .458 Lavender, Providence 35 14 17 102 .452 Wicker, Montreal.. 29 11 14 90 .440 Manser, Jersey City 27 10 13 83 .435 Chappelle, Rochester . .. 21 9 12 57 ,429 Parkins, Newark.,.. 26 6 8 54 .429 Savidge, Montreal 26 11 15 83 .423 Keefe, Montreal 38 13 18 99 .419 Burcheil, Buffalo 19 6 9 70 .400 Allison, Buffalo 13 2 3 35 .400 McOloskey, Baltimore ., 25 7 11 97 .389 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 133 NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Players and Clubs. G. AB, R. BH. SH. PC. Ki.y, Albany 14u 527 71 185 4 .351 Drake, Wilkesbarre 143 567 85 185 29 .345 Beville, Syracuse 24 52 6 17 4 .327 Malay, Elmira 137 491 80 159 29 .324 Madden, Utica 134 493 103 156 30 .316 Catiz, Wilkesbarre 51 181 30 56 5 .309 Kustus, Syracuse 52 183 25 56 8 ,306 Bills, Wilkesbarre 38 115 14 35 5 .304 Noonan, Wilkesbarre 105 395 59 120 13 .304 DeGrott, Wilkesbarre 134 531 93 156 13 .294 Wiltse, Syracuse 54 133 13 39 4 .293 Kirke. Bingbamton-Wilkesbarre... 144 547 62 158 17 .289 Miller, Wilkesbarre... 75 258 25 74 6 .287 Konnick, Wilkesbarre 104 343 39 98 12 .286 Briger, Troy 17 49 5 14 2 .285 Carney, Utica 96 350 37 98 14 .280 Yancey, Binghamton 62 241 34 67 6 .278 Cook, Binghamton.. 130 507 64 140 15 .276 Swayne, Binghatnton 29 102 17 28 9 .275 James, Elmira 134 488 58 133 26 .273 Hennessy. Binsbamton 52 183 25 50 15 .273 Fox, Wilkesbarre 129 484 67 131 14 .271 Freeman, Albany-Troy 134 477 54 129 21 .270 Dufly.Troy 137 554 83 149 12 .269 Scbrall, Syracuse 23 79 10 21 10 .266 Knapp, Wilkesbarre 48 142 13 37 3 .261 Gatins, Troy 101 361 31 93 26 .258 Hessler, Elmira 98 352 48 91 7 .258 McGamwell, Binshamton 134 506 38 130 8 .257 1 1 alllgan, Scranton 86 297 32 76 13 .256 Marcan, Binghamton 61 204 21 52 4 .255 Boyle, Utica.. 114 419 55 107 22 .255 Kennedy, Utica 127 450 71 114 15 .253 Wagner. Binghamton 88 297 34 75 14 .252 Burns, Utica 74 198 19 51 12 .251 Pearson, Wilkesbarre 16 40 5 10 4 .250 Philbin, Scranton 45 153 15 38 5 .248 Bastian, Utica 137 496 91 113 12 .248 McAvoy, Syracuse 67 243 20 60 15 .247 Crisham, Syracuse 142 551 47 136 13 .246 Zeimer. Scranton 100 357 34 88 14 .246 Madigan, Scranton 128 470 48 115 16 .245 Cunningham, Troy 27 70 8 17 2 .243 Snyder, Troy 100 343 30 83 15 .242 Burke, Syracuse 126 478 68 115 12 .241 Castle. Scranton 127 527 70 127 21 .241 i34 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. G. PO. A. E PC. Cunningham, Troy 27 6 55 0 .1000 Adrian, Utica 30 12 53 0 .1000 Wagner, Bingrmmton 6 4 29 0 .1000 Hope, Bingbamton 21 4 52 0 .1000 Purcell, Troy. 15 7 38 1 ^ .978 Collins, Utica 30 10 69 2"-v -975 Pounds. Elmira ;.„. 28 18 87 3 . .972 Bilis, Wilile, Lincoln 23 5 42 4 .922 McGregor. Des Moines 17 6 50 5 .918 Olmstead, Denver 37 25 71 9 .914 Forrester, Lincoln 8 2 18 2 .909 Wasson. Lincoln-Denver 24 7 40 5 .904 Ford, Denver 16 3 24 3 .900 Kaufmann, Topeka 58 14 126 16 .897 Aitchison, Wichita 37 9 65 9 .892 Hendrix, Topeka 25 5 49 7 .885 J. Locke, Pueblo 18 4 2b 4 .882 Alderman. Soo City 47 6 114 16 .870 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. G. AB. R. S.I. SB. PC Daubert, Memphis 81 283 35 14 17 .314 Tanneman, Nashville .. 62 192 24 10 6 .312 Berry, Little Rock 19 58 7 4 0 .310 Hart, Montgomery 95 319 34 6 12 .307 MeGilvray, Birmingham 143 478 42 13 16 .291 Weimer, New Orleans 139 524 56 15 12 .288 Henline, Birmingham 146 556 71 20 43 .285 Manuel. Birmingham 53 144 8 8 2 .284 Ray, Nashville 123 484 77 9 24 .233 Folbre, Little Rock 17 46 2 1 0 .2*2 Kerwin, Montgomery 143 495 73 39 28 .282 Smith, Atlanta.... , 103 421 40 18 14 .280 Molesworth, Birmingham 140 512 44 19 19 .277 Lee, Atlanta 27 95 17 5 15 .273 Yancey. Birmingham 40 137 9 3 9 .270 Seabaugh, Nashville 96 333 18 12 7 .270 Sentelle, Mobile. 143 489 56 33 26 269 Daley. Montgomery 137 493 76 15 25 .269 East, Nashville 138 492 57 22 19 .266 Bnyless, Atlanta ,141 490 85 8 29 .265 Rockenfield, Montgomery 119 403 37 16 16 .263 Persons, Montgomery-Litt e Rock 133 501 77 16 25 .261 Perry, Little Rock 140 504 39 17 21 .261 Breltenstein, New Orleans 34 93 6 4 1 .258 Shields, Memphis 68 236 14 7 2 .258 Lindsay, Mem pnis-New Orleans 131 436 28 10 17 .256 Fritz. Mobile 15 39 3 1 0 .256 Baerwald, Memphis 125 478 45 20 27 .255 Rogers, Atlanta 17 43 1 3 1 .255 Larsen, Birmingham 60 184 20 15 3 .255 Collins. Little Rock.. 141 53S 49 20 23 .252 Robertson. Nashville 98 362 37 9 24 .251 Cocash, Little Rock- Mobile.. 109 391 40 14 20 .248 Watson, Mobile ... 114 379 32 9 11 .248 Bitler. Nashville 138 487 41 18 28 .248 Pepe, Montgomery ... 120 384 49 16 26 .247 Osteen, Montgomery Ill 386 42 19 10 246 Gygli, Birmingham 140 477 36 19 39 .245 Wheat, Mobile ..129 460 58 13 10 .245 Petit, Mobile . 18 29 2 1 1 .241 Thornton. Mobile 122 406 39 13 15 .241 Kirkpatrick, Atlanta 27 62 7 3 4 .241 Robinson, Birmingham 27 75 6 4 0 .240 Shannon, Montgomery .. 84 250 17 21 3 .240 Wiseman. Nashville 132 460 62 50 25 .239 Jordan, Atlanta 144 502 51 24 27 .239 t42 SCIENCE Of BASEBALL SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. Name and Club. G. PO. A. E. PC- Folbre, Little Rock 14 7 18 0 1.000 Rogers, Atlanta 17 10 38 1 .979 Stockdale, Mobile 30 19 66 2 .977 Thomas, Montgomery 33 8 74 2 .976 Lively, Montgomery..., 38 18 106 3 .976 Dickson, Birmingham 33 14 98 3 .974 Fisher, Atlanta.. 36 11 75 2 .969 Bliss, Montgomery 27 10 £2 2 .968 Schwenck. Memphis 23 8 51 2 .967 Duggan, Nashville 32 16 100 4 .966 Pruitt, New Orleans 29 16 70 3 .966 Bartley. New Orleans-Atlanta 32 13 74 3 .966 Susgs, Mobile , 15 5 48 2 .963 Hess, New' Orleans 38 18 83 4 .961 Maxwell, Atlanta-New Orleans 36 23 109 5 .960 Fritz, New Orleans-Mem phis , .. 31 15 80 4 .959 Manuel, Birmingham 35 20 102 5 .958 Breitenstein, New Orleans 26 22 83 5 .954 Queisser, Memphis 32 9 95 5 .954 Schultz, Mobile 11 2 18 1 .952 Hickman, Mobile 31 23 91 6 .952 Keiber, Memphis 37 12 103 6 .950 Atkins, Atlanta. 34 13 81 5 .949 Guese, Montgomery 31 5 61 4 .942 Bittrolfl, Mobile 35 12 76 6 .936 Juul, Montgomery 23 7 46 3 .934 Case, Nashville 32 14 S3 7 .932 Hixon, Mobile = 14 5 34 3 .928 Milton. Little Rock 12 1 37 3 .926 Lilivelt, Mobi'.e 14 9 28 3 .925 Schopp, Birmingham.... 22 11 61 5 .925 Johns, Atlanta 30 12 70 7 .921 Hart, Little Rock 28 10 96 9 .921 Robinson, Birmingham 27 12 66 7 .917 Viebahn, Atlanta-Nashville 25 9 5G 6 .916 Fleharty, Birmingham 35 6 75 8 .910 Perdue, Nashville 37 3 68 7 .910 Buchanan, Little Rock 35 5 70 8 .903 Dick, Memphis..., 39 26 105 16 .891 Kellum,;Nashville , . . .. 19 8 47 7 .887 Rhodes, Little Rock 17 4 32 5 .878 Paige. New Orleans , 16 10 23 5 .863 Higgins, Little Rock 11 7 21 5 .848 We Do Not Handle Smokers' Supplies 302 and 304 BROADWAY IS AND HAS BEEN THE Sportsmens' Corner FOR THIRTY YEARS Where You Can Get JUST WHAT YOU WANT BASEBALL, TENNIS, GOLF, CAMPING OUTFITS Everything for the Shooter and Fisherman SCHOVERLINC,DALY& GALES Sketches of Gotham BY IKE SWIFT. ILLUSTRATED. This is a book you all ought to read because it tells you things about New York in a different way. 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